Volkswagen Taos: Wheels and tires

• Introduction
• Taking care of wheels and tires
• Maintaining wheels and tires
• Wheels and tires in snow and ice
• Troubleshooting
• Tire Pressure Monitoring System
• Wheel change
• Tire characteristics
• Glossary of tire and load terminology

Introduction

Wheels and tires are among the most heavily loaded parts of the vehicle, yet they are often underestimated during routine use. They carry the vehicle weight, absorb road impacts, transmit steering and braking forces, and maintain the only direct contact between the vehicle and the road surface. On the Volkswagen Taos, tire condition, correct pressure, approved wheel dimensions, and proper wheel bolt installation all play a direct role in stability, braking distance, ride comfort, and safe handling.

The tire and rim combinations approved by Volkswagen are designed to work together as a matched set. This includes the rim size, offset, load rating, tire dimensions, rolling circumference, and the way the wheel fits around the brake components. Installing parts that look similar but are not approved can affect steering behavior, tire clearance, brake cooling, speedometer accuracy, and electronic driver assistance systems.

The service life of a tire depends on several factors, including tire pressure, driving style, road conditions, storage, tire rotation, wheel alignment, and correct mounting. Aggressive acceleration, hard braking, fast cornering, potholes, curb impacts, and driving with incorrect pressure can shorten tire life significantly. Regular inspection helps catch small problems before they become expensive or dangerous.

Rims, tires and wheel bolts

Rims, tires, and wheel bolts are selected according to the vehicle model and its technical requirements. Whenever a different rim is installed, the wheel bolts used must have the correct length, thread, seating surface, and bolt head shape. This ensures that the wheel is clamped securely, the brakes operate correctly, and the vehicle drives smoothly and safely. For technical reasons, standard rims from other vehicles cannot simply be used. In some cases, this may even apply to rims from the same vehicle model if the equipment, brake system, or wheel specification differs. Always consult a suitably qualified professional before replacing rim and tire combinations. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.

The correct wheel bolts must always be used for each vehicle model, and these bolts must always be tightened to the specified torque ⇒ Monitoring the tightening torque. On the Volkswagen Taos, using the wrong wheel bolts can cause poor wheel seating, vibration, damaged threads, brake interference, or a wheel that loosens while driving.

WARNING

Incorrect handling of wheels can reduce driving safety and cause serious accidents and fatal injuries.

• Regularly check the tire pressure when the tires are cold and always maintain the specified pressure ⇒ Checking the tire pressure. If the tire pressure is too low, the tire can heat up so much while driving that the tread separates or the tire ruptures.
• Check the tires regularly for damage and wear, including cuts, cracks, punctures, bulges, uneven tread wear, exposed cords, or objects stuck in the tread.
• Never exceed the maximum permissible speed and tire load specified for the tires fitted to your vehicle.
• For all four wheels, use only radial tires of the same design, size, rolling circumference, and tread pattern.
• While driving, if unusual vibrations can be heard or the vehicle pulls to one side, stop immediately and check the wheels and tires for damage.
• Never loosen the bolts on rims with a bolted rim ring.
• After hitting a pothole, curb, road debris, or another obstacle, have the wheels and tires checked even if no damage is immediately visible.

WARNING

New tires or tires that are old, worn, or damaged cannot provide the maximum vehicle control and braking effect.

This can cause accidents and fatal injuries.

• Break in new tires because they have reduced traction and braking efficiency when they are new. Therefore drive carefully for the first 600 km (370 miles).
• Never drive with tires that are worn or damaged, e.g. punctured, cut, cracked, or bulging.
• While driving, if unusual vibrations can be heard or the vehicle pulls to one side, stop immediately and check the wheels and tires for damage.
• Do not use any tires or rims if you do not know how they have been used in the past. Used tires and rims may be damaged in a way that may not even be visible.
• Only use tires that are more than six years old if absolutely necessary and drive with extreme caution if doing so, even if the tires have never been used.
• Replace worn or damaged tires immediately.
• Do not judge tire safety by tread depth alone. Age, sidewall condition, previous repairs, heat damage, and impact history also matter.

New tires may feel slightly different during the first few hundred kilometers. Steering response, braking grip, and wet-road traction can improve after the tire surface has been gently worn in. During this period, avoid sudden maneuvers and leave more distance than usual, especially on wet or cold roads.

WARNING

If the wheel bolts are not tightened enough to meet the specification, the wheel bolts and consequently the wheel could come loose while driving. Exceeding the tightening specification could damage the wheel bolts and threads.

Wheel bolts that are tightened incorrectly or missing could cause you to lose control of the vehicle and lead to serious accidents and fatal injuries.

• Always tighten the wheel bolts to the correct tightening torque. If you do not have a torque wrench, tighten the wheel bolts with the lug wrench and then have the tightening torque checked as soon as possible by an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.
• Never drive with missing or loose wheel bolts.
• Always use wheel bolts that are correct for the rim and the vehicle model.
• Never grease or oil the wheel bolts and the threads in the wheel hub. Even when tightened to the specification, the wheel bolts could become loose while driving.
• Ensure the wheel bolts and threads in the wheel hubs are clean, easy to move and free of oil and grease.
• Never loosen the bolts on rims with a bolted rim ring.
• After a wheel has been removed and reinstalled, have the wheel bolt torque checked again as specified, especially before long-distance driving.

Incorrect wheel bolt torque can cause problems that may not be obvious immediately. Too little torque can allow the wheel to move against the hub, while too much torque can stretch the bolts or damage the threads. For the Volkswagen Taos, proper tightening is part of safe wheel installation and should not be replaced by guesswork or impact-tool force alone.

WARNING

Improper installation of the tires on the rim can result in damage to the rim and cause tires to suddenly lose air or go flat while driving.

This can cause accidents and fatal injuries.

• Always have tires installed on the rim by an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.
• Have wheel balancing, valve condition, tire seating, and tire pressure checked whenever tires are mounted or replaced.
• Do not drive if a tire loses air repeatedly, because the cause may be a damaged tire, faulty valve, rim leak, or incorrect mounting.

For the Volkswagen Taos, maintaining the correct wheels and tires is not only about comfort or appearance. It affects braking, steering precision, stability control, tire pressure monitoring, fuel economy, and the way the vehicle reacts in emergency situations. Regular checks, approved parts, and correct installation help keep the vehicle predictable and safe in everyday driving.

Taking care of wheels and tires

Handling tires

Preventing damage to the tires

Careful tire handling helps preserve road grip, steering response, braking performance, and ride comfort. Tires can be damaged not only by sharp objects, but also by incorrect pressure, curb impacts, chemical exposure, overloading, poor storage, and driving on damaged rims. On the Volkswagen Taos, regular wheel and tire care is especially important because the tires are the only contact points between the vehicle and the road.

• Always drive over curbs and other low obstacles slowly and at a right angle so that both front wheels contact the obstacle at the same time. Avoid hitting curbs at a shallow angle, because this can pinch the tire sidewall and damage the rim.
• Check the tire pressure regularly, especially before long trips, after temperature changes, and when the vehicle is carrying heavier loads.
• Check tires regularly for damage, e.g. punctures, cuts, cracks, bulges, uneven wear, exposed cords, or objects lodged in the tread.
• Never exceed the load index and maximum speed of the tire ⇒ Tire labeling and tire classifications.
• Have damaged or worn rims replaced immediately ⇒ Troubleshooting. A bent or cracked rim can cause vibration, air loss, poor sealing, and uneven tire wear.
• Protect tires from coming into contact with corrosive materials such as grease, oil, gasoline, and brake fluid ⇒ .
• Replace missing dust caps on the valves immediately. Valve caps help keep dirt, moisture, and road salt away from the valve core.
• Remove any objects provided they have not punctured the inside of the tire ⇒ Troubleshooting. If the object has penetrated the tire, have the tire inspected by a qualified specialist instead of pulling it out on the road.
• Pay attention to all warnings issued by the Tire Pressure Monitoring System ⇒ Troubleshooting the Tire Pressure Monitoring System.
• After driving through potholes, construction debris, or rough roads, inspect the tires and rims as soon as it is safe to do so.

WARNING

Corrosive fluids and materials can cause visible and invisible damage to the tires, which can cause the tires to fail.

This can cause accidents and fatal injuries.

• Always keep chemicals, oils, grease, fuel, brake fluid, solvents, and other corrosive materials away from the tires.
• If such material contacts a tire, clean the area carefully and have the tire checked if any swelling, softening, cracking, or discoloration appears.

Storing tires

Correct storage helps slow aging and prevents deformation while the tires are not being used. Before storing tires, clean off road salt, mud, stones, and brake dust, then allow the tires to dry completely.

• Only store tires in a cool, dry location that is as dark as possible. Direct sunlight, heat, ozone, and moisture can accelerate tire aging.
• Do not stand tires that are mounted on rims up vertically for long periods. Store complete wheel-and-tire assemblies in a way that prevents flat spots and unnecessary stress.
• Protect tires that are not mounted on rims from dirt with suitable covers and store them standing on the tread surface.
• Keep stored tires away from electric motors, heaters, fuels, lubricants, and chemicals that may attack the rubber compound.
• Mark the previous wheel position before storage so tire rotation can be planned correctly at the next installation.

Tires that are more than six years old

Tires age due to physical and chemical processes that gradually affect the rubber, even when the tread still looks deep. Heat, sunlight, road chemicals, moisture, and long periods without use can all change the tire structure. Tires that have been stored and unused for long periods may age differently from tires used regularly, and external appearance alone is not enough to confirm safety.

Volkswagen recommends replacing tires that are more than six years old with new tires. This even applies to tires that may appear to be usable and whose tread depth is still greater than the minimum requirement ⇒ .

Winter and all season tires lose many of their special characteristics due to aging, regardless of the remaining tread depth. The rubber can harden over time, reducing grip on cold, wet, snowy, or icy roads.

The age of the tire can be determined based on the production date ⇒ Tire labeling and tire classifications. For the Volkswagen Taos, checking tire age is just as important as checking tread depth, especially before seasonal tire changes or long-distance driving.

WARNING

Old tires can suddenly lose air or rupture, particularly at high speeds.

This can cause accidents and fatal injuries.

• Only use tires that are more than six years old if absolutely necessary and drive with extreme caution if doing so, even if the tires have never been used.
• Replace old tires immediately if cracks, sidewall checking, vibration, repeated air loss, or unusual tread separation is visible.

New tires

• Drive particularly carefully during the first 600 km (370 mi) with new tires because they must be broken in. Tires that have not yet been broken in have reduced gripping abilities and braking efficiency ⇒ .
• Only use tires with the same design and as close to the same construction, size, rolling circumference, and tread pattern as possible on all four wheels.
• The tread depth of new tires may vary between tire models and manufacturers due to different design features and tread designs.
• After installing new tires, drive smoothly at first and avoid aggressive acceleration, sudden braking, and sharp cornering until the tire surface has been properly worn in.

WARNING

New tires must be broken in because they have reduced traction and braking efficiency when they are new.

This could cause you to lose control of the vehicle and lead to serious accidents and fatal injuries.

• Break in new tires. Drive carefully for the first 600 km (370 miles).
• Allow extra braking distance during the break-in period, especially on wet, cold, dusty, or uneven roads.

The size specifications for new tires may vary significantly from the actual tire dimensions for different tire brands.

Even when the sidewall size marking appears identical, the real tire width, shoulder shape, tread profile, and rolling behavior can differ slightly between manufacturers. This is why approved tire combinations and correct fitting are important for clearance, handling, and tire pressure monitoring performance.

Replacing tires

• At a minimum, replace both tires on a single axle. This helps keep braking, traction, and steering balance more predictable.
• Only replace old tires with tires that have been approved by Volkswagen for your vehicle model.
• Never use tires whose size exceeds the measurement of tires that are approved by Volkswagen ⇒ .
• If only two tires are replaced, have a qualified professional confirm the correct axle placement according to tire condition, drive configuration, and safety requirements.
• After tire replacement, check tire pressure, valve condition, wheel balance, and Tire Pressure Monitoring System behavior.

Volkswagen Genuine tires

At the factory, the vehicle can be equipped with Volkswagen Genuine tires. These tires are marked with the symbol and are specially adapted for this vehicle. Volkswagen Genuine tires fulfill high standards for safety, driving characteristics, noise behavior, comfort, and performance when used appropriately.

For the Volkswagen Taos, choosing the correct tire is not only a matter of size. The right tire must support the vehicle load, match the rim, work with the suspension tuning, maintain proper clearance, and provide stable behavior in normal and emergency driving. When in doubt, use approved tire specifications and have installation performed by qualified professionals.

Recalibrating the Tire Pressure Monitoring System

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System must be recalibrated each time one or more wheels are replaced. This also applies when the tires are rotated, for example from front to back ⇒ How the Tire Pressure Monitoring System Works. Recalibration allows the system to learn the current tire positions and pressure condition after a wheel change, tire replacement, seasonal tire swap, or rotation. On the Volkswagen Taos, this step helps prevent incorrect pressure warnings and supports more reliable tire monitoring during everyday driving.

WARNING

Wheels must have enough clearance from vehicle components. If there is not enough clearance, tires could rub against components of the suspension, the body, and the brake lines.

This may cause the brake system to fail, the tread to separate, and the tire to rupture, resulting in serious accidents and fatal injuries.

• Only use tires with dimensions that do not exceed the dimensions of the tire brands approved by Volkswagen and that do not rub against other components of the vehicle.
• After installing new tires or rims, have the clearance checked carefully, especially around the suspension, inner wheel arch, brake lines, and steering movement range.

WARNING

Dirt can damage the valves and introduce leaks, causing the tire to lose air.

If the tire pressure is too low, the tire can heat up so much while driving that the tread separates or the tire ruptures, which in turn can lead to serious accidents and/or fatal injuries.

• Never drive without caps on the valves.
• Replace damaged, missing, or loose valve caps immediately to help protect the valve core from dirt, moisture, and road salt.

NOTICE

Driving over potholes and curbs can cause the tires to become deformed.

Damage to the tires and rims can result.

• Avoid strong impacts and drive around obstacles where possible.
• If an impact cannot be avoided, slow down as much as traffic conditions safely allow and inspect the tire and rim afterward.

NOTICE

The valves may be damaged by dirt.

• Never drive without caps on the valves.
• Do not ignore a missing valve cap, because dirt inside the valve can lead to slow air loss over time.

NOTICE

The valves can be damaged when replacing wheels.

• Do not let wheels that you have removed fall on the rim.
• Place removed wheels carefully on a clean surface so the valve, rim edge, and tire sidewall are not damaged.

Always dispose of old tires correctly and according to regulations. Used tires should be taken to an approved recycling or disposal facility and must not be left outdoors, burned, or discarded with household waste.

If the spare wheel is different from the regular vehicle wheels, e.g. in the case of winter tires or a temporary spare wheel, only use the spare wheel temporarily and in the event of a breakdown, and drive especially carefully. Replace the compact spare wheel with a regular wheel as soon as possible.

A temporary spare wheel can affect braking, traction, steering response, and the behavior of driver assistance systems. Avoid high speeds, sudden steering, hard braking, and long-distance driving when a different spare wheel is installed. After fitting the regular wheel again, check tire pressure and recalibrate the Tire Pressure Monitoring System if required.

Using tires approved by Volkswagen ensures that the dimensions will fit correctly on your vehicle. If other tires are used, the seller must provide a certificate from the tire manufacturer stating that the tires are suitable for the vehicle. Keep the certificate stored safely in the vehicle.

For the Volkswagen Taos, tire approval is not only about the size printed on the sidewall. The tire must also have the correct load capacity, speed rating, construction, rolling circumference, and clearance for the suspension and body. Keeping the certificate in the vehicle can be useful during service work, inspections, or later tire replacement.

Handling rims

Preventing damage to the rims

Rims should be handled as carefully as tires. A rim that is bent, cracked, corroded, or fitted with the wrong hardware can cause vibration, air loss, uneven tire wear, and poor wheel seating. Even cosmetic damage should be checked if it occurred after a hard impact.

• Missing hubcaps can cause damage to the rims and wheel bolts.
• Always install missing hubcaps before driving.
• Always drive over curbs and other low obstacles slowly and at a right angle so that both front wheels come into contact with the obstacle at the same time.
• Replace missing dust caps on the valves immediately.
• Check the tire pressure regularly.
• Clean rims carefully and avoid harsh chemicals that could damage the finish, valve area, or wheel bolt seats.
• Have rims checked if you notice vibration, repeated tire pressure loss, visible cracks, dents, or damage after an impact.

Rims with bolted rim ring or accent elements

Rims with a bolted rim ring or accent element consist of multiple pieces. These pieces are connected together with special bolts. Damaged rims must be replaced and may only be repaired by an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.

Do not treat the visible bolts on these rims as ordinary wheel fasteners. They can be part of the rim structure or decorative assembly, and incorrect loosening or tightening can weaken the rim. Any repair, inspection, or replacement of such rims should be handled with the correct technical information and tools.

Rim identification

In some countries, new rims must include information about certain properties. These markings help confirm whether the rim is suitable for the vehicle, whether it meets legal requirements, and whether it matches the approved wheel specification. The following information may be on the rim:

• Seal of conformity
• Rim size
• Manufacturer or brand name
• Production date (month/year)
• Country of origin
• Serial number
• Raw material batch number
• Commodity code

Before fitting replacement rims to the Volkswagen Taos, confirm the rim size, offset, bolt pattern, load rating, and compatibility with the brake system. A rim that does not meet the correct specification can affect handling, tire clearance, braking, and wheel bolt seating.

WARNING

Using unsuitable or damaged rims can impair driving safety and cause accidents and serious injuries.

• Only use rims permitted for the vehicle.
• Check the rims regularly for damage and replace them if necessary.
• Do not continue driving with a rim that is cracked, heavily bent, leaking air, or visibly damaged around the wheel bolt seats.

WARNING

Loosening and tightening bolts incorrectly on rims with bolted rim rings can cause severe accidents and death.

• Never loosen the bolts on rims with a bolted rim ring.
• Have all procedures on rims with bolted rim rings performed by an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.
• Do not attempt to repair multi-piece or accent-element rims yourself, even if the damage appears minor.

Maintaining wheels and tires

Checking the tire pressure

Incorrect tire pressure has a direct effect on handling, braking stability, ride comfort, fuel consumption, and tire service life. If the pressure is too low, the tire can flex excessively, heat up, wear unevenly, and in extreme cases fail while driving ⇒ . If the pressure is too high, the contact patch may be reduced and the tire may wear more heavily in the center. Correct tire pressure is especially important when driving at higher speeds, carrying passengers or cargo, or traveling long distances.

• Check the tire pressure at least once a month. It is also advisable to check it before long trips, after a strong temperature change, and whenever the vehicle load changes significantly.
• Check the tire pressure only when the tires are cold. The specified tire pressure only applies to a cold tire. Tire pressure in warm tires is higher than in cold tires, so never release air from a warm tire to adjust the pressure.
• Always adjust the tire pressures to the vehicle load ⇒ . A fully loaded vehicle needs different pressure than a lightly loaded vehicle.
• After adjusting tire pressures, always screw the caps on the valves and note the information about the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). Missing valve caps allow dirt and moisture to reach the valve core.
• Always use the tire pressures specified on the label. Never exceed the maximum tire pressure specified on the side of the tire, because the sidewall value is not the normal operating pressure for every vehicle application.
• If the size of the tires installed at the factory differs from the details on the identification label or on the tire pressure label, the correct tire pressure must be determined by a suitably qualified professional.

Fig. 175 On the driver door pillar: Tire inflation pressure label

The tire inflation pressure label indicates the correct tire pressure for approved tires and is located on the driver door pillar fig. 175. The factory-installed tires can be winter, summer, or all-season tires. Always use the label fitted to the vehicle as the primary reference, because tire pressure may vary depending on tire size, load condition, and equipment.

An incorrect tire pressure can increase tire wear, negatively affect driving behavior, reduce steering precision, increase braking distance, and damage the tire structure. Compliance with the correct tire pressure is very important, particularly when the Volkswagen Taos is driven at highway speeds or with additional load.

The specified tire pressure is given for a cold tire. For warm tires, the pressure is higher because air expands as the tire heats up during driving.

Never reduce the pressure of a warm tire in order to reach the specified value. This will cause the actual pressure when the tire is cold to be too low. If the tires are warm, check them again later when they have cooled, or adjust only according to the proper cold-pressure procedure.

WARNING

A tire pressure that is too low can result in a sudden loss of air, separation of the tire tread or bursting of the tire while driving. An incorrect tire pressure shortens the service life of the tire and negatively affects driving behavior.

An incorrect tire pressure can cause accidents and fatal injuries.

• Check the tire pressures regularly, at least once a month and also before driving long distances.
• Always adjust the tire pressure according to your load.
• Never reduce the tire pressure when tires are warm.
• If a tire repeatedly loses pressure, have the tire, valve, and rim checked before continuing normal driving.

WARNING

Excessive speeds and vehicle overloading can cause overheating, sudden tire damage including tire blow-outs, and separation of the tread.

This can cause accidents and fatal injuries.

• Never exceed the maximum load for the tires fitted ⇒ Tire labeling and tire classifications.
• Never exceed the maximum permitted speed for the tires fitted ⇒ Tire labeling and tire classifications.
• Reduce speed and check tire pressure if the vehicle is heavily loaded, driven in hot weather, or used for long highway trips.

NOTICE

Careless handling of the tire pressure gauge may damage the valve.

• When positioning the tire pressure gauge, make sure it is not tilted at the valve stem.
• Press the gauge straight onto the valve and remove it carefully so the valve core and stem are not bent or damaged.

Tire pressures that are too low increase fuel consumption. Low pressure also increases rolling resistance, heat build-up, and tire wear, which can reduce both efficiency and tire life.

Tire inflation pressure for cold tires

Vehicles Approved as Light Commercial Vehicles

Details of the correct tire pressure are located on the tire pressure label on the driver's door pillar. If the details on the tire pressure label differ from the details in the Manual, the details on the tire pressure label apply. This label reflects the tire and load information assigned to the specific vehicle configuration.

2) This data was not yet available at the time of printing.

Monitoring the tightening torque

The correct wheel bolts must always be used for each vehicle model, and these bolts must always be tightened to the specified torque. The wheel bolt tightening torque must be checked regularly with a properly functioning torque wrench. In addition, the tightening torque must be checked immediately after each wheel change. If the wheel bolts are not tightened enough to meet the specification, the bolts and consequently the wheel could come loose while driving.

Exceeding the tightening specification can also cause damage. Too much torque may stretch the wheel bolts, damage the threads in the wheel hub, distort the seating surface, or make later removal difficult. Correct tightening is therefore not just about making the bolts “tight”, but about applying the exact clamping force required for safe wheel installation.

Wheel bolts that are corroded and difficult to turn must be replaced, and the threads in the wheel hub must be cleaned before checking the tightening torque. Never grease or oil the wheel bolts and the threads in the wheel hub. On the Volkswagen Taos, clean dry threads and the correct wheel bolt design are necessary for accurate torque and secure wheel seating.

Wheel bolt tightening specification

The tightening torque of the wheel bolts is specified in the chapter on replacing wheels → page, Changing a wheel. Always follow that value and use a calibrated torque wrench rather than relying only on an impact wrench or hand feel.

WARNING

If the wheel bolts are not tightened enough to meet the specification, the wheel bolts and consequently the wheel could come loose while driving. Exceeding the tightening specification could damage the wheel bolts and threads.

Wheel bolts that are tightened incorrectly or missing could cause you to lose control of the vehicle and lead to serious accidents and fatal injuries.

• Always tighten the wheel bolts to the correct tightening torque. If you do not have a torque wrench, tighten the wheel bolts with the lug wrench and then have the tightening torque checked as soon as possible by an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.
• Never drive with missing or loose wheel bolts.
• Always use wheel bolts that are correct for the rim and the vehicle model.
• Never grease or oil the wheel bolts and the threads in the wheel hub. Even when tightened to the specification, the wheel bolts could become loose while driving.
• Ensure the wheel bolts and threads in the wheel hubs are clean, easy to move and free of oil and grease.
• Never loosen the bolts on rims with a bolted rim ring.
• After wheel installation, check for vibration, unusual noise, or pulling to one side and have the wheel mounting inspected if anything feels abnormal.

Replacing tires

Fig. 176 Diagram for rotating the wheels (general example).

To ensure that the tires wear as evenly as possible, rotating the tires regularly according to the diagram is recommended fig. 176. Regular rotation can help balance front and rear wear patterns, extend tire service life, and keep handling more consistent over time.

Volkswagen recommends having the wheel replacement carried out by an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. For the Volkswagen Taos, professional wheel service also helps ensure correct tire pressure, torque, wheel balance, valve condition, and Tire Pressure Monitoring System recalibration after the work is complete.

Monitoring the tread depth

Tread depth

Most driving situations require tire tread that is as deep and even as possible. The tread is responsible for channeling water away from the contact patch, maintaining grip during braking and cornering, and helping the vehicle remain stable on wet, dirty, or wintry roads. All tires, or at least the tires on the same axle, must have an even tread depth ⇒ . This is especially important for the Volkswagen Taos when driving in rain, slush, snow, or on roads where traction can change quickly.

In most countries, the legal minimum tread depth is 1.6 mm (1/16 of an inch). This is measured in the tread grooves next to the wear indicators. Observe any legal regulations specific to the country where you are driving, because minimum tread depth requirements may differ depending on local law, tire type, season, and road conditions.

Note the legal requirements in the applicable country for minimum tread depths on winter and all-season tires. Even if a tire still meets the legal minimum, its performance on wet or snowy roads may already be reduced. For safety, tire condition should be judged by tread depth, age, visible damage, wear pattern, and how the vehicle behaves while driving.

Tire wear

Tire wear depends on various factors. Some are related to normal use, while others can indicate a mechanical issue or incorrect maintenance:

• Driving style. Fast cornering, hard acceleration, late braking, and frequent high-speed driving can wear the tread more quickly.
• Wheel balancing. An unbalanced wheel can cause vibration and uneven tread wear, especially at higher speeds.
• Running gear alignment. Incorrect alignment can cause one-sided wear, feathering, pulling to one side, and reduced tire life.
• Tire pressure. Pressure that is too low or too high can change the contact patch and create uneven wear across the tread.
• Vehicle load. Frequent heavy loads can increase stress on the tires and make correct pressure even more important.

An imbalance can occur while driving and may be noticed through vibration in the steering wheel, floor, or body of the vehicle. Tire imbalances also affect tire wear and can make the ride less smooth. In these situations, have the wheels balanced again before the uneven wear becomes more severe.

Incorrect wheel alignment impairs driving safety and increases tire wear. If there is a high degree of tire wear, uneven wear across one side of the tread, or the vehicle does not track straight, have the wheel alignment checked by an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. For the Volkswagen Taos, correct alignment helps maintain stable handling, predictable steering, and longer tire service life.

Tire Wear when Driving with a Sporty Driving Style

Driving quickly around curves, rapid acceleration, and heavy braking increase tire wear. This type of use places more heat and friction into the tread surface and can wear the outer shoulders of the tires faster than normal commuting.

If you drive with a sporty driving style, check the tread depth every 5000 to 10,000 km (approx. 3107 to 6214 miles). Also inspect the tire shoulders, sidewalls, and tread grooves for cuts, cracks, feathered edges, or signs that the tires are wearing unevenly.

Tread wear indicator in tires

Fig. 177 In the tread grooves: wear indicator.

The tread wear indicator is 1.6 mm (1/16 in) above the base of the tread fig. 177. Markings on the sides of the tire indicate the location of the tread wear indicator fig. 177. These small raised bars make it easier to recognize when the tread has reached the minimum wear limit.

The tread wear indicator indicates if a tire is worn out. At the latest, the tire must be replaced if the tread depth is worn down to the tread wear indicator. Do not delay replacement once the indicator is level with the surrounding tread, because braking distance and wet-road grip can already be significantly reduced.

When you check the tread depth, you must check the wear indicators of all tread grooves. Do not measure only one place on the tire. Check several points around the circumference and across the width of the tread because uneven wear can hide low tread depth on the inner or outer shoulder.

A simple visual check is not always enough. If one tire wears much faster than the others, or if the tread looks scalloped, cupped, feathered, or worn on only one edge, the wheel balance, suspension, tire pressure, or alignment should be inspected. Uneven tread wear on the Volkswagen Taos can reduce comfort, increase road noise, and affect how the vehicle responds during braking or cornering.

WARNING

Worn tires are a safety risk and make it difficult to control the vehicle well. They increase the braking distance and the risk of skidding.

Worn tires have significantly less grip. Particularly on wet roads, the vehicle is more likely to hydroplane.

Worn tires could cause loss of vehicle control, serious accidents and death.

• Replace tires with new tires when the tires are worn down to the tread wear indicator.
• Do not wait until the tire is completely smooth or visibly damaged before replacing it.
• Check tread depth more often if the vehicle is driven in heavy rain, winter conditions, at highway speeds, or with frequent loads.

Wheels and tires in snow and ice

Winter tires

Summer tires provide very little grip on icy, snowy, slushy, or very cold roads. Winter tires or suitable all-season tires improve handling, braking performance, and traction in winter road conditions because their rubber compound and tread design are made to work better at low temperatures. Volkswagen recommends using winter tires at temperatures below +7 ºC (+45 ºF) or whenever winter road conditions are expected. This also applies to vehicles with all-wheel drive (4MOTION), because all-wheel drive can improve traction when accelerating, but it does not shorten braking distance on snow or ice.

On the Volkswagen Taos, the correct winter tire setup helps the vehicle remain more predictable when starting from a stop, braking on cold pavement, turning on slippery roads, or driving through compacted snow. However, winter tires do not remove the need for careful driving. Speed, following distance, steering input, and braking style must always match the actual road surface.

The effectiveness of winter tires or all-season tires is greatly reduced when the tire tread is worn down to a depth of 4 mm (approx. 5/32 in). As tread depth decreases, the tire becomes less effective at gripping snow, clearing slush, and reducing the risk of hydroplaning on wet winter roads.

The following applies when using winter tires:

• Follow all applicable laws in the country of operation. Some regions require winter tires during certain months or under specific weather conditions.
• Use winter tires on all four wheels at the same time. Mixing winter tires with summer tires can make the vehicle unstable during braking or cornering.
• Only use in winter road conditions. When temperatures rise and roads are dry, winter tires may wear faster and may not handle as precisely as summer tires.
• Only use the tire sizes permitted for the vehicle.
• Only use winter tires that have the same belt construction, size, and tread pattern.
• Follow the speed restriction based on the speed rating.
• Check tire pressure regularly, because temperature changes can noticeably affect pressure during winter use.

Speed restriction

Winter tires have a speed restriction based on their speed rating ⇒ Tire labeling and tire classifications. The maximum speed of the winter tire may be lower than the maximum speed of the vehicle. This restriction must always be observed, even when the road appears clear.

A speed warning can be set in the Vehicle settings menu in the Infotainment System under the Tires menu. This reminder can help prevent accidental overspeeding when winter tires with a lower speed rating are installed.

On V winter tires, the speed restriction and required tire pressure depend on the engine. Always ask an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility about the permitted speed and required tire pressure.

Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. For the Volkswagen Taos, professional advice is useful when selecting winter tires because tire size, load rating, speed rating, rim compatibility, and Tire Pressure Monitoring System behavior must all match the vehicle requirements.

WARNING

In winter road conditions, do not let the improved driving characteristics of winter tires tempt you to take safety risks, as otherwise you may lose control of the vehicle, resulting in serious injuries.

• Adapt your speed and driving style to the visibility, weather, road and traffic conditions.
• Increase following distance, brake earlier than usual, and avoid sudden steering, acceleration, or braking on snow and ice.

When temperatures are above +7 ºC (+45 ºF), summer tires provide better vehicle handling. There is less road noise, the tires wear more slowly, and economy is better. Using winter tires in warm weather can increase tread wear and reduce steering precision.

For vehicles with a Tire Pressure Monitoring System, the system must be recalibrated after changing to winter tires ⇒ How the Tire Pressure Monitoring System Works.

The speed limit and tire load of winter tires may differ from those of summer tires.

You can contact an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility for permitted winter tire sizes. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.

Snow chains

Note the legal requirements and the permitted maximum speed when driving with snow chains. Snow chains are intended only for special winter conditions, such as snow-covered roads where additional traction is necessary. They must be installed correctly, used only on approved tire and wheel combinations, and removed again when they are no longer needed.

When snow chains are fitted to the Volkswagen Taos, drive slowly and avoid sudden acceleration, hard braking, and sharp steering movements. Incorrectly fitted chains can damage tires, rims, wheel housings, brake lines, suspension components, and body parts. After driving a short distance, stop safely and check that the chains are seated firmly and have not loosened.

Snow chains improve traction, braking behavior, and directional stability when driving on roads covered with ice or packed snow. They are intended for temporary use in difficult winter conditions where the tire tread alone cannot provide enough grip. On the Volkswagen Taos, snow chains must be used only as specified, because incorrect chain size or installation can damage tires, rims, wheel housings, brake components, and suspension parts.

Snow chains may only be mounted on the front wheels and only on the following tire/rim combinations:

If possible, use fine-mesh snow chains that include a chain lock no larger than 11 mm (approx. 7/16 in). Low-profile chains help reduce the risk of contact with nearby vehicle components, but they still must match the approved tire and rim combination exactly.

Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility for more information about wheel, tire, and snow chain sizes. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. This is especially important before buying chains, because clearance can vary depending on tire size, rim design, and vehicle equipment.

Snow chains may only be used on tire/rim combinations that are approved for snow chain operation. Do not assume that a chain will fit safely simply because the tire size appears correct. The chain must also have enough clearance from the wheel housing, suspension, brake lines, and body parts while the wheels are turning and steering.

If using snow chains, remove the wheel covers and rim accent rings before mounting the snow chains. However, the wheel bolts must be covered with caps for safety reasons. Caps can be obtained from an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.

Using snow chains on the compact spare tire or collapsible spare tire

Using snow chains on the compact spare tire or collapsible spare tire is not permitted for technical reasons. A compact or collapsible spare is designed only for temporary emergency use and does not provide the same dimensions, strength, or clearance as a regular wheel.

1. If a front tire is flat, mount the compact spare tire or collapsible spare tire on the rear axle. This keeps the front axle available for a regular wheel that can accept snow chains if needed.

2. Replace the damaged front wheel with the removed rear wheel. Pay attention to the running direction when doing this. If the tire has a directional tread pattern, incorrect installation can reduce traction and water or snow evacuation.

Volkswagen recommends attaching the snow chains before mounting the wheel. This can make installation easier and allows the chain to be positioned more evenly before the wheel is fitted to the vehicle.

WARNING

Using unsuitable snow chains or installing snow chains incorrectly can cause serious accidents and death.

• Always use the correct snow chains.
• Only use snow chains on the tire/rim combinations approved by Volkswagen.
• Follow the installation instructions provided by the snow chain manufacturer.
• Never drive faster than intended according to the specifications of the snow chain manufacturer or permitted by law when snow chains are mounted.
• After driving a short distance, stop safely and check that the chains are seated firmly and have not loosened.
• Do not continue driving if you hear chain contact, knocking, scraping, or vibration from the wheel area.

NOTICE

If snow chains are used on routes that are not snowy, they will impair the driving characteristics, damage the tires, and be quickly destroyed.

• Remove snow chains when driving on roads without snow.
• Avoid sudden acceleration, hard braking, and sharp steering inputs while chains are installed.

NOTICE

Snow chains that come into contact with the rim directly can scratch or damage the rim.

• To prevent damage, use snow chains with integrated rim protection.
• Inspect the rims after chain use and clean away snow, ice, salt, and road dirt as soon as practical.

On vehicles with a Tire Pressure Monitoring System, the system must be reprogrammed after snow chains are mounted ⇒ How the Tire Pressure Monitoring System Works.

When snow chains are removed from the Volkswagen Taos, check tire pressure, inspect the tires and rims for visible damage, and recalibrate the Tire Pressure Monitoring System again if required. This helps the system correctly monitor the tires after winter driving conditions have changed.

Troubleshooting

Damage to tires and rims can often occur in areas that are not visible during a quick roadside inspection ⇒ . A hard impact with a pothole, curb, road debris, or sharp object can weaken the tire structure, bend the rim, damage the valve, or disturb wheel balance even if the tire still appears inflated.

If you suspect that a wheel is damaged, slow down carefully and stop as soon as traffic allows and it is safe to do so. Avoid sudden steering, hard braking, or continued high-speed driving because hidden tire or rim damage can worsen quickly under load.

Vehicle pulls to one side or unusual vibrations

The vehicle pulls to the left or right when driving, or unusual vibrations can be felt through the steering wheel, body, floor, or seat. This may indicate tire damage, rim damage, a wheel imbalance, incorrect tire pressure, uneven tread wear, or a problem caused by a recent impact.

Check the tires! Slow down immediately and stop the vehicle as soon as the traffic situation allows and it is safe to do so.

1. Check the tires and rims for damage. Look for cuts, cracks, bulges, punctures, missing valve caps, bent rim edges, objects in the tread, or signs of sudden air loss.

2. Do not continue driving if there is tire damage. Driving on a damaged tire can cause rapid air loss, tread separation, or a blowout.

3. Replace the damaged wheel ⇒ Introduction. If necessary, contact an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility for assistance. A damaged wheel should not be reused until it has been inspected by qualified personnel.

4. If no exterior damage is visible, drive slowly and carefully to the nearest authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility to have the vehicle checked. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. On the Volkswagen Taos, a professional inspection can help identify hidden rim damage, tire belt damage, alignment changes, or balance issues that may not be visible from the outside.

Foreign object stuck in the tire

A foreign object is stuck in the tire or between the tread segments. This may include a nail, screw, piece of glass, stone, metal fragment, or road debris. Whether the object has penetrated the tire or is only lodged in the tread determines how the situation should be handled.

1. If an object has punctured through to the inside of a tire, leave the object in place. Removing it may cause the tire to lose air quickly. Objects stuck only between the tire tread segments can be removed carefully if they have not penetrated the tire casing.

2. Replace the damaged wheel ⇒ Introduction. If necessary, contact an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility for assistance.

3. Check and adjust the tire pressure. If pressure drops again after adjustment, do not continue normal driving until the tire, valve, and rim have been inspected.

4. Contact an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. A tire puncture may require professional repair or replacement depending on the location, size, and type of damage.

Tires lose traction

The vehicle loses traction when driving along curved stretches, swerves, feels unstable, or responds earlier than usual through the anti-slip regulation (ASR) and anti-lock brake system (ABS). The braking distance may also become longer. These signs can appear when tires are worn, underinflated, aged, damaged, or not suitable for the current road conditions.

The tire may be too worn down to guarantee sufficient traction ⇒ Monitoring the tread depth. Wet roads, slush, snow, gravel, and cold surfaces make poor tire condition even more noticeable.

1. Go slowly and carefully to the nearest suitably qualified professional to have the vehicle checked. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. For the Volkswagen Taos, this inspection should include tread depth, tire age, tire pressure, visible tire damage, wheel alignment, and the condition of the rims.

Wheel bolts can only be undone with difficulty

Wheel bolts can corrode over time. This means that the wheel bolts can only be undone with difficulty. Corrosion, dirt, damaged threads, incorrect tightening torque, or previous use of unsuitable tools can make removal harder and can also affect secure wheel installation.

1. Contact professional assistance, or drive slowly and carefully to the nearest qualified professional to have the vehicle checked. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Do not force wheel bolts with unsuitable tools, and do not grease or oil the wheel bolts or wheel hub threads.

WARNING

Unusual vibrations or the vehicle pulling to one side while driving may indicate tire damage.

Tire damage could cause loss of vehicle control, accidents and serious or fatal injuries.

• Slow down immediately and stop the vehicle as soon as the traffic situation allows and it is safe to do so.
• Check the tires and rims for damage.
• Never continue driving with damaged tires or rims. Instead, seek professional assistance.
• If no exterior damage is visible, drive slowly and carefully to the nearest authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility to have the vehicle checked. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.
• Do not ignore repeated vibration, pulling, pressure loss, or unusual tire noise, even if the tire still looks normal from the outside.

Tire Pressure Monitoring System

How the Tire Pressure Monitoring System Works

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System helps warn the driver when one or more tires may be underinflated and should be checked.

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System in the Volkswagen Taos works by comparing wheel speed signals from the ABS sensors while the vehicle is moving. Instead of measuring pressure directly inside each tire, the system evaluates the rotational speed of the individual wheels and calculates changes in the rolling circumference.

When a tire loses air, its rolling circumference becomes slightly smaller. Because of this reduced diameter, that wheel must rotate faster than the others at the same road speed. The system recognizes this difference and can alert the driver that the tire pressure may be too low.

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System displays a detected change in tire rolling circumference by switching on the indicator light in the instrument cluster. This warning should not be ignored, because continued driving with low pressure can increase tire temperature, reduce stability, and shorten tire life.

Several conditions can change wheel RPM or rolling circumference and may cause the system to react:

• The tire pressure has changed after air loss, temperature changes, or recent inflation.
• The tire has structural damage, such as internal belt damage, sidewall deformation, or unusual tread wear.
• One side of the vehicle is carrying a heavier load than the other, which can affect tire shape and rolling behavior.
• Snow chains are installed on the tires, changing the effective tire circumference and wheel-speed pattern.
• Only one wheel was replaced on each axle, creating a difference in tread depth, tire type, or rolling diameter.

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System will not work correctly if the ESC or ABS is malfunctioning ⇒ Troubleshooting.

Because this system depends on ABS wheel-speed information, faults in the ABS or ESC system can prevent reliable tire pressure monitoring. If ABS, ESC, or related warning lamps are illuminated, the tire pressure warning function may be limited or unavailable until the underlying fault has been corrected.

Reference Pressure

The reference pressure for the Tire Pressure Monitoring System is based on the recommended cold tire pressure for the tires installed at the factory under maximum load conditions. This reference pressure corresponds to the values shown on the tire pressure label ⇒ Checking the tire pressure.

For the Volkswagen Taos, the tire pressure label is located on the driver door jamb. Always use this label as the primary guide when inflating the original tire size, and check pressures only when the tires are cold whenever possible. A cold tire is one that has not been driven for several hours or has only been driven a short distance at low speed.

After the tire pressure has been adjusted correctly on all four tires, the Tire Pressure Monitoring System must be re-calibrated ⇒ Calibrating the Tire Pressure Monitoring System. Calibration teaches the system the current wheel-speed pattern as the new reference condition, so the warning threshold is matched to the correctly inflated tires.

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System may not react immediately, or may not react at all, when the vehicle is driven in a sporty manner, on snow-covered roads, on loose or unpaved surfaces, with snow chains installed, or in other conditions where wheel speed varies more than usual. A change in the tread circumference of a tire is shown by the Tire Pressure Monitoring System indicator in the instrument cluster.

The recommended tire pressure for the tires originally installed on the vehicle is printed on a sticker on the driver door jamb. This value is selected to support handling, braking performance, ride comfort, load capacity, and tire durability.

Each tire, including the spare tire if one is provided, should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the tire pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label. If your vehicle is equipped with tires of a different size than the size shown on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, you must determine the correct inflation pressure for those tires before driving.

As an added safety feature, your Volkswagen Taos is equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system that switches on a low tire pressure telltale when one or more tires are significantly underinflated. When this telltale illuminates, stop as soon as it is safe to do so, inspect the tires, and inflate them to the proper pressure. Driving on a significantly underinflated tire causes the tire to flex excessively and overheat, which can lead to tire failure. Low pressure can also reduce fuel efficiency, accelerate tread wear, and affect steering response, cornering stability, and stopping distance.

Please note that the TPMS is not a replacement for routine tire maintenance. The driver remains responsible for maintaining correct tire pressure, even when underinflation has not yet reached the level required to trigger the low tire pressure telltale. Manual checks with an accurate tire pressure gauge are still necessary, especially before long trips, after seasonal temperature changes, or after carrying heavy loads.

Your vehicle is also equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator that warns when the system is not operating as intended.

The TPMS malfunction indicator is combined with the low tire pressure telltale. When the system detects a malfunction, the telltale flashes for approximately one minute and then remains continuously illuminated. This sequence will repeat during later vehicle start-ups as long as the malfunction remains present.

When the malfunction indicator is illuminated, the system may not be able to detect or report low tire pressure reliably. In this condition, tire pressure should be checked manually, and the vehicle should be inspected if the warning continues.

TPMS malfunctions may occur for several reasons, including the installation of replacement tires, alternate wheels, tires with different rolling characteristics, or wheel and tire combinations that prevent the system from functioning properly. After replacing one or more tires or wheels on the Volkswagen Taos, always check whether the TPMS malfunction telltale appears, and recalibrate the system after confirming that all tire pressures are correct.

WARNING

Incorrect tire pressure can cause loss of vehicle control, tire damage, overheating, and increased braking distance. Never continue driving for a long distance with the tire pressure warning light illuminated unless the tires have been checked and corrected. If a tire is visibly damaged, losing air quickly, or does not hold pressure after inflation, do not drive at high speed and have the tire inspected or replaced as soon as possible.

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System is a driver assistance feature, not a substitute for careful driving, regular tire inspection, or correct tire maintenance. In the Volkswagen Taos, the system can help warn the driver when tire pressure may be too low, but it works only within its technical limits. It cannot evaluate every road condition, load condition, tire condition, or driving situation, and it may respond late, respond unexpectedly, or fail to respond in certain circumstances. If the driver ignores tire condition or relies only on the warning light, there is a risk of loss of control, accidents, serious injury, and death.

• Always remain attentive while driving and never depend only on the Tire Pressure Monitoring System. The driver is responsible for checking and maintaining the correct tire pressure at all times.
• Observe the system limitations ⇒ Limitations of the Tire Pressure Monitoring System. Road surface, tire wear, replacement wheels, temperature changes, snow chains, or uneven vehicle loading may affect how the system reacts.
• Regularly check tire pressure when the tires are cold and keep the pressures at the specified values shown on the tire inflation pressure label for the tires fitted on the vehicle ⇒ Checking the tire pressure.
• Inspect the tires regularly for visible wear, cuts, cracks, bulges, punctures, embedded objects, or other damage, and replace worn or damaged tires immediately.
• Never exceed the maximum permissible speed rating or tire load rating specified for the tires installed on your vehicle.

WARNING

Driving with insufficient tire pressure is dangerous. A tire that is underinflated can flex too much, build up excessive heat, and suffer internal damage. If the tire becomes overheated, the tread may separate, the tire may rupture, and the driver may lose control of the vehicle.

Tire pressure that is too high or too low shortens tire service life and can noticeably change driving behavior. Incorrect pressure may make the vehicle feel less stable, reduce steering precision, and increase the distance needed to stop.

Different tire pressures from side to side, or generally low tire pressure on one or more wheels, can increase tire wear, reduce vehicle stability, extend braking distance, and lead to tire damage, tire failure, or sudden loss of vehicle control.

This can cause serious accidents and fatal injuries.

• Always pay attention to warnings from the Tire Pressure Monitoring System. If the warning light turns on, slow down carefully, avoid sudden steering or hard braking, stop the vehicle as soon as it is safe with regard for other traffic, and check all tires ⇒ Checking the tire pressure.
• The driver is responsible for maintaining correct tire pressure. Check the tire pressure regularly when the tires are cold and always maintain the specified pressures shown on the tire inflation pressure label for the tires fitted on the vehicle ⇒ Checking the tire pressure. The Tire Pressure Monitoring System can only work as intended when all tires are inflated correctly while cold and the system has been set up after pressure correction.
• If the tire is not flat and does not need to be replaced immediately, drive slowly and cautiously to the nearest authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility to have the tire pressure checked, corrected, and the tire inspected if necessary ⇒ Checking the tire pressure. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.
• Always set up the Tire Pressure Monitoring System correctly after correcting tire pressure, replacing a tire, rotating wheels, changing wheels, or making any tire-related service adjustment. For the Volkswagen Taos, correct setup helps the system learn the current tire condition as its reference value.

WARNING

Excessive speed and vehicle overloading place additional stress on the tires. Heat buildup, sudden tire damage, tire blowouts, and tread separation can occur when tires are driven beyond their design limits.

This can cause accidents and fatal injuries.

• Never exceed the maximum load permitted for the tires fitted ⇒ Tire labeling and tire classifications. Vehicle occupants, cargo, accessories, and trailer tongue weight, if applicable, must be considered when calculating load.
• Never exceed the maximum permitted speed for the tires fitted ⇒ Tire labeling and tire classifications. The tire speed rating must match the way the vehicle is used and the conditions in which it is driven.

Low tire pressure increases fuel consumption and tire wear. It also causes the tire to flex more than intended, which can create additional heat and reduce tread life. Keeping the tires inflated to the specified pressure helps the Volkswagen Taos maintain better efficiency, predictable handling, and more even tire wear.

New tires may expand slightly the first time they are driven at higher speeds, which can trigger a tire pressure warning. After new tires are installed, check the pressure when the tires are cold and set up the Tire Pressure Monitoring System again if required.

Only replace old tires with tires that have been approved by Volkswagen for the vehicle model. Tires with unsuitable dimensions, load ratings, speed ratings, tread design, or rolling circumference can affect handling, braking, and the operation of the Tire Pressure Monitoring System.

Do not rely on the Tire Pressure Monitoring System alone. Inspect the tires regularly to make sure the tire pressure is correct, and check for damage such as punctures, cuts, cracks, bulges, uneven wear, or objects stuck in the tread. Remove objects from the tread only if they have not punctured through the tire. If there is any sign that the tire is losing air or has been damaged internally, have it inspected before continuing normal driving.

For safe operation, treat every tire pressure warning as a real warning until the tires have been checked. A visual inspection alone is not enough, because a tire can be significantly underinflated without looking flat. Use an accurate pressure gauge, compare the reading with the label on the vehicle, and correct the pressure before driving farther whenever possible.

When selecting replacement tires for the Volkswagen Taos, use tires that match the specified size, load index, speed rating, and construction type. Mixing tires with different characteristics can change the rolling circumference between wheels and may reduce the accuracy of the Tire Pressure Monitoring System. After replacement or rotation, recheck all pressures while cold and perform the required system setup.

Limitations of the Tire Pressure Monitoring System

Regular Maintenance

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System is designed to support the driver, but it must never be treated as a replacement for regular tire inspection, correct inflation, or routine tire maintenance. The driver remains responsible for making sure that the tires are inflated to the correct pressure at all times, even when no low-pressure warning is shown in the instrument cluster.

On the Volkswagen Taos, the system works within defined technical limits. It can recognize certain changes in tire rolling circumference, but it cannot judge the full physical condition of a tire, confirm tread damage, measure tread depth, or replace a manual pressure check with an accurate tire gauge.

The tire pressure of all tires must be checked at least once a month when the tires are cold. The measured pressure must correspond to the vehicle manufacturer's specifications shown on the tire inflation pressure label.

This monthly pressure check also applies to the spare wheel or compact spare wheel if the vehicle is equipped with one. A spare wheel that is stored for a long time can slowly lose pressure and may not be ready for safe use during an emergency unless it is checked regularly.

The recommended tire pressure for the tires installed at the factory is specified on the tire inflation pressure label ⇒ Checking the tire pressure. This label should be used as the main reference before adjusting pressure, especially before long trips, seasonal temperature changes, or driving with additional passengers and cargo.

Unresolved Malfunctions

If the Tire Pressure Monitoring System displays a malfunction, tire pressure cannot be monitored correctly. A malfunction can have several causes, including a wheel replacement, tire replacement, different rolling circumference, incorrect calibration, ABS-related faults, or driving conditions that temporarily interfere with wheel-speed evaluation.

After replacing a wheel or tire, you must check whether the indicator light displays a system malfunction. This check helps confirm that the Tire Pressure Monitoring System is still able to operate properly ⇒ Troubleshooting the Tire Pressure Monitoring System.

If the malfunction warning remains active after correcting tire pressures and recalibrating the system, do not assume that the warning is harmless. The tires should be checked manually, and the vehicle should be inspected by a qualified professional if the fault continues.

Sporty driving

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System may display a warning with a delay or may not display a warning at all when the vehicle is driven aggressively, when cornering forces are high, when wheel slip occurs, or when the road surface causes the wheels to rotate unevenly.

The same limitation can apply on winter roads, gravel roads, rough unpaved surfaces, or when snow chains are installed. In these situations, the wheel-speed patterns may differ from normal driving, making pressure-related changes harder for the system to evaluate.

Calibrating the Tire Pressure Monitoring System

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System must be recalibrated under the following conditions:

• If the tire pressures were adjusted.
• If one or more wheels were changed.
• If one or more wheels were repaired.
• If the wheels were rotated, for example from front to rear.
• If new tires were installed or if tire-related service work was performed.
• If the vehicle load has changed significantly and the tire pressures were corrected to match the required values.

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System must only be recalibrated when all tires are inflated to the correct pressure while they are cold. To measure cold tire pressure accurately, the vehicle must stand for at least 3 hours or be driven only slowly over a short distance during that time.

Calibrating the system with incorrect tire pressure can store the wrong reference values. If this happens, the system may react too early, react too late, or fail to warn the driver when tire pressure becomes dangerously low.

After being warned about low tire pressure, switch the ignition off and back on. The Tire Pressure Monitoring System can only be recalibrated after this is done.

1. Switch the ignition on.

2. Depending on the vehicle equipment, press the button or function key and open the Vehicle menu in the Infotainment system ⇒ Vehicle settings menu.

Or: depending on the vehicle equipment, press the button or function key.

3. Tap Settings if this key is available.

4. Tap Tires.

5. Tap SET.

6. If all four tires meet the required tire pressure values, tap Confirm.

After travel times of at least 20 minutes and at different vehicle speeds, the system adapts to the new values and monitors them. During this learning phase, the Volkswagen Taos may need normal driving at varying speeds so the system can compare the new wheel-speed patterns accurately.

Do not recalibrate the system simply to switch off a warning light without first checking the tires. The warning may be caused by a real pressure loss, tire damage, or an incorrect tire condition that requires attention.

WARNING

If the Tire Pressure Monitoring System has been calibrated with tire pressure that is too high or too low, the system may give false warnings or may fail to warn the driver when tire pressure is dangerously low.

This can cause accidents and serious or fatal injuries.

• Ensure that the tire pressure is correct on all wheels before calibrating the Tire Pressure Monitoring System.
• Always use the tire inflation pressure label as the reference for the correct cold tire pressure.
• Never use calibration as a substitute for repairing a damaged tire or correcting an actual pressure loss.

Troubleshooting the Tire Pressure Monitoring System

Tire pressure low

The yellow indicator light turns on.

The tire pressure of one or more tires has decreased, or the tire is structurally damaged. A visible flat tire is not the only sign of a problem; pressure loss can also occur gradually and may not be obvious during a quick visual inspection.

1. Stop the vehicle immediately where it is safe to do so.

2. Check the tires for visible damage, including cuts, bulges, punctures, sidewall cracks, objects stuck in the tread, or signs of uneven wear.

3. If there is no visible damage on the tires, drive at reduced speed to the nearest gas station and check the tire pressure with an accurate pressure gauge.

Adjust the pressure if necessary. The pressure should be corrected according to the tire inflation pressure label, preferably when the tires are cold. If the tires are warm, remember that pressure readings may be higher than cold values.

4. If one of the tires is damaged, change the damaged wheel ⇒ Wheel change. If necessary, contact an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility for assistance.

5. Recalibrate the Tire Pressure Monitoring System ⇒ How the Tire Pressure Monitoring System Works.

6. If the malfunction persists, contact a suitably qualified professional. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.

For the Volkswagen Taos, continued driving after a low tire pressure warning should be cautious and limited. Avoid high speeds, hard braking, and sharp steering inputs until the tire condition and pressure have been checked.

Tire Pressure Monitoring System malfunction

The yellow indicator light flashes for approximately one minute and then stays on.

There is a system malfunction. In this condition, the system may not be able to detect low tire pressure reliably, so the tires must be checked manually until the cause is corrected.

1. Stop the vehicle immediately where it is safe to do so.

2. Switch the ignition off and back on again.

3. Recalibrate the Tire Pressure Monitoring System ⇒ How the Tire Pressure Monitoring System Works.

4. If the malfunction persists, contact a suitably qualified professional. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.

Driving on unpaved roads for a long period of time or sporty driving can temporarily deactivate the Tire Pressure Monitoring System. If there is a malfunction, the indicator light flashes for approximately one minute and then stays on. However, the indicator light will turn off if the road conditions or driving style changes.

If the warning appears only during rough-road driving or after an aggressive driving style, still check the tires when it is safe. Temporary system behavior can look similar to a real tire issue, and tire damage caused by potholes, stones, or road debris may not be immediately visible.

Wheel change

Introduction

Only change a wheel yourself if the Volkswagen Taos is parked securely, the work area is safe, and you are fully familiar with the required safety precautions and wheel-change procedure. You must also have the correct tools available and know how to use them. Some vehicles are delivered from the factory without a vehicle jack and lug wrench. In that case, do not attempt to improvise with unsuitable tools; have the wheel changed by an authorized Volkswagen dealer or an authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.

If the vehicle is supplied from the factory with a jack, that jack is intended only for an emergency wheel change when one wheel on the vehicle has been damaged and must be replaced. It is not designed for repair work under the vehicle, long-term support, or lifting the vehicle for service inspections. If both tires on one side of the vehicle, both tires on one axle, or all tires are damaged, do not attempt to continue the wheel change yourself. Contact an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility for assistance.

Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility whenever the correct procedure, road conditions, tool condition, or your personal safety is uncertain.

Before starting, make sure the spare wheel or compact spare wheel is usable, the wheel bolts can be accessed, and the ground is firm enough to support the jack. A roadside wheel change may look simple, but it requires careful preparation because the vehicle can move, slip, or fall if it is not secured correctly.

You must carry out the following steps to change a wheel.

1. Prepare the vehicle for the wheel change ⇒ Preparing Your Vehicle. Park on a firm, level surface, switch on the emergency flashers, set the electronic parking brake, and make sure passengers are safely away from traffic.

2. Depending on the vehicle and vehicle equipment, remove the subwoofer ⇒ Removing and installing the subwoofer. Handle it carefully and place it where it will not be damaged or create a tripping hazard.

3. Take out the spare wheel ⇒ Removing the spare wheel or compact spare wheel. Check the spare for visible damage and make sure it is suitable for temporary use before installing it.

4. Remove the wheel hub cover or wheel bolt caps ⇒ Removing and Fitting Wheel Hub Covers, ⇒ Removing and Fitting Hubcaps, ⇒ Removing and Fitting the Wheel Bolt Caps. Use the correct tool so the cover, cap, or wheel finish is not damaged.

5. Loosen the wheel bolts ⇒ Loosening wheel bolts. Loosen them only slightly before the vehicle is raised, while the wheel is still in contact with the ground.

6. Jack up the car ⇒ Raising the vehicle with the vehicle jack. Position the jack only at the approved jacking point for the Volkswagen Taos and raise the vehicle only as high as necessary to remove the damaged wheel.

7. Remove the damaged wheel and fit the spare wheel or compact spare wheel ⇒ Changing a wheel. Make sure the wheel sits flat against the wheel hub before tightening the bolts.

After the spare wheel is installed, tighten the wheel bolts in the correct sequence and have the tightening torque checked as soon as possible with a properly functioning torque wrench. If a compact spare wheel is used, observe all speed and distance restrictions that apply to that spare. Drive cautiously, avoid sudden steering or braking, and replace the damaged tire with a suitable full-size tire as soon as possible.

WARNING

Changing a wheel at the roadside can be dangerous, especially near moving traffic, on uneven ground, in poor visibility, or in bad weather.

If the vehicle and work area are not secured properly, the vehicle may move or slip from the jack, and serious accidents or fatal injuries may occur.

• Only carry out the wheel change yourself if you are familiar with the necessary steps and can work safely. If you are unsure, seek assistance from an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.
• Stop the vehicle as soon as it is safe to do so. Avoid stopping in a traffic lane, on a narrow shoulder, around a curve, or in any place where other drivers may not see the vehicle in time.
• Park the vehicle a safe distance from moving traffic. Choose a firm, level area whenever possible, and keep the side where you are working away from passing vehicles.
• Always switch off the engine and move the selector lever to the P position to reduce the risk of the vehicle moving unintentionally.
• Set the electronic parking brake before opening the tool kit, removing the spare wheel, or loosening the wheel bolts.
• Move all passengers, especially children, to a safe distance away from the working area and to the side facing away from moving traffic. Passengers should never stand near the vehicle while it is raised on the jack.
• Switch on the emergency flashers to warn other road users and set up the warning triangle according to local regulations. In low light or poor weather, increase visibility before starting the wheel change.
• Only jack up the vehicle on level, firm ground. Sloped, soft, sandy, muddy, icy, or loose ground can cause the vehicle to slip off the jack. If necessary, place a large, stable surface under the jack.
• If you are on a slippery surface such as tile, place a non-slippery object such as a rubber mat on the ground to help prevent the jack from slipping.
• Only use suitable, undamaged tools for wheel changes. Do not use a bent jack, damaged lug wrench, incorrect lifting point, or makeshift lifting equipment.
• Never place any part of your body under the vehicle while it is supported only by the vehicle jack. The jack is intended only to raise the vehicle enough for an emergency wheel change.
• Do not start the engine while the Volkswagen Taos is raised on the jack. Engine vibration or drivetrain movement can make the vehicle unstable.
• After changing a wheel, immediately check the tightening torque of the wheel bolts with an undamaged torque wrench that is functioning correctly. Incorrect wheel bolt torque can allow the wheel to loosen or damage the wheel mounting surfaces.
• If your vehicle is equipped with a Tire Pressure Monitoring System, you must recalibrate the system immediately after a wheel is changed ⇒ How the Tire Pressure Monitoring System Works.
• After driving a short distance, stop safely and visually check that the installed wheel is seated correctly and that there are no unusual noises, vibration, or warning messages. If anything feels abnormal, stop driving and seek professional assistance.

For safe operation after a wheel change, store the damaged wheel, tools, jack, wheel bolt caps, and any removed covers securely in their proper locations. Loose equipment can become dangerous during sudden braking or a collision. If the spare wheel installed on the Volkswagen Taos is only intended for temporary use, arrange proper tire repair or replacement without delay.

Preparing Your Vehicle

Please read the introductory information and heed the Warnings and Notice ⇒ Introduction.

Checklist

Always perform the following steps in the specified order before starting a wheel change. This preparation is not just a formality; it helps keep the Volkswagen Taos stable, keeps passengers away from danger, and reduces the risk of the vehicle moving while it is raised on the jack ⇒ :

1. Park the vehicle a safe distance from moving traffic. Observe all important information on parking when doing so ⇒ Parking. The ground must be level, firm, and able to support the vehicle jack without sinking or shifting. Sloped, soft, sandy, muddy, icy, or loose ground can cause the vehicle to slip off the jack. If necessary, place a large, stable surface under the vehicle jack.

2. Switch on the emergency flashers ⇒ Center console. This warns other road users that the vehicle is stopped and that work may be taking place near the roadway.

3. Have all vehicle occupants exit the vehicle on the side facing away from traffic and move to a safe area, such as behind a guard rail. Children and passengers should never remain inside the vehicle while it is being raised. Follow the local regulations regarding wearing a reflective vest.

4. Set up the warning triangle to warn others on the road about the vehicle. Place it far enough behind the vehicle to give approaching drivers time to react, especially on high-speed roads, curves, hills, or in poor visibility.

5. Adjust the steering wheel so that the wheels are not pointing straight forward. Turning the wheels can help make the vehicle less likely to roll in a straight line if movement occurs during preparation.

6. Block the tire that is diagonal from the one you will be changing with a stone, chocks, or another suitable object. This additional step helps prevent the vehicle from rolling when one corner is lifted.

7. If the luggage compartment is full: remove the contents from the luggage compartment. Place the items safely away from traffic and from the area where you will be working.

8. Remove the collapsible spare wheel, full-size spare wheel or compact spare wheel and the vehicle tool kit from the luggage compartment. Before beginning the wheel change, make sure the necessary tools are present, clean, and not damaged.

For the Volkswagen Taos, preparation should always be completed before loosening wheel bolts or positioning the jack. A stable setup at the beginning makes the rest of the wheel change safer and prevents rushed decisions once the vehicle is partly raised.

WARNING

Failing to heed this checklist that is provided for your own safety can cause accidents and serious injuries.

• Always follow the tasks in the checklist in the specified order.
• Observe the general safety precautions before touching the wheel bolts, jack, spare wheel, or tool kit.
• Do not start the wheel change if the vehicle cannot be parked securely or if traffic, weather, lighting, or ground conditions make the work unsafe.

Removing and installing the subwoofer

Please read the introductory information and heed the Warnings and Notice ⇒ Introduction.

The subwoofer must be removed before the spare wheel can be removed. Depending on vehicle equipment, the subwoofer is mounted in the spare wheel well and secured with a handwheel and electrical connector. Handle it carefully, because the speaker housing, connector, and wiring can be damaged if the unit is pulled out forcefully or placed where it may fall.

Before removing the subwoofer, make sure the ignition is switched off, the trunk lid is fully open, and the luggage compartment floor is supported securely. Keep the connector and wiring away from sharp edges, moisture, and heavy objects.

Removing the subwoofer (version 1)

Fig. 178 In the luggage compartment: removing the subwoofer (version 1).

1. Open the trunk lid.

2. Lift up or remove the luggage compartment floor. Place the floor panel where it will not be scratched, bent, or damaged.

3. To release the connector, press the fig. 178 lugs together (arrows 1). Press only on the release points and do not pull on the wires.

4. Remove the connector fig. 178 in the direction of the arrow and set the removed wire to the side. Make sure the connector cannot be crushed by the spare wheel, tools, or luggage compartment floor.

5. Unscrew the handwheel fig. 178 in the direction of the arrow. Keep the handwheel in a clean place so it does not roll away or fall into the spare wheel well.

6. Lift the subwoofer out carefully. Use both hands if necessary and avoid tilting it sharply against the trim or wheel well.

Installing the subwoofer (version 1)

1. Place the subwoofer carefully in the rim well. The point of the "FRONT" arrow symbol on the subwoofer must face forward. Correct alignment helps the unit sit securely in its intended position.

2. Push the connector fig. 178 in until you hear it click into place. After connecting it, gently check that the connector is locked and not loose.

3. Turn the handwheel fig. 178 on the threaded pin in the opposite direction to the arrow until the subwoofer is securely fastened. Do not overtighten it, but make sure the subwoofer cannot move inside the rim well.

4. Reinsert the luggage compartment floor or fold back down. Confirm that it lies flat and does not press against the wiring.

5. Close the trunk lid.

Removing the subwoofer (version 2)

Fig. 179 In the luggage compartment: removing the subwoofer (version 2).

1. Open the trunk lid.

2. Lift the variable luggage compartment floor until it can be held by the side retainers. Make sure the floor is securely supported before reaching into the spare wheel area.

3. Unscrew the handwheel fig. 179 in the direction of the arrow. Place the handwheel aside where it will not be lost.

4. To release the connector, press the locking mechanism on the end of the connector fig. 179. Do not force the connector if it does not release immediately; check that the locking mechanism is fully pressed.

5. Remove the connector in the direction of the arrow and set the removed wire to the side. Keep the wiring clear of the spare wheel and any sharp edges.

6. Lift the subwoofer out carefully. Avoid dropping it or placing it on a wet or dirty surface.

Installing the subwoofer (version 2)

1. Place the subwoofer carefully in the rim well. The point of the "FRONT" fig. 179 arrow symbol on the subwoofer must face forward. If the subwoofer is installed in the wrong orientation, it may not sit flat or fasten securely.

2. Connect the connector until the lock fig. 179 latches into place. A secure connection helps prevent rattles, audio interruptions, or loose wiring in the luggage compartment.

3. Turn the handwheel fig. 179 on the threaded pin in the opposite direction to the arrow until the subwoofer is securely fastened.

4. Place the variable luggage compartment floor on the floor cover. Check that the floor sits correctly on its supports and does not trap the cable.

5. Close the trunk lid.

After reinstalling the subwoofer in the Volkswagen Taos, check that the luggage compartment floor is seated properly and that no tools, caps, or loose parts remain in the spare wheel well. Loose items can cause noise while driving and may become hazardous during sudden braking.

NOTICE

Leaking liquids in the luggage compartment can damage the subwoofer.

• Immediately remove any spilled liquids, e.g. with a dry cloth.
• Do not place wet objects, leaking containers, or dirty tools directly on the subwoofer or near the electrical connector.
• If liquid reaches the connector or speaker housing, have the component checked before using the sound system normally.

Removing the spare wheel or compact spare wheel

Please read the introductory information and heed the Warnings and Notice ⇒ Introduction.

Fig. 180 Under the luggage compartment floor: handwheel to secure the spare wheel or compact spare wheel.

Removing the spare wheel or compact spare wheel

Before removing the spare wheel or compact spare wheel, make sure the vehicle has been prepared for a wheel change, the luggage compartment is clear enough to work safely, and the vehicle tools are within reach. On the Volkswagen Taos, the spare wheel area is located under the luggage compartment floor, and access may vary depending on equipment.

1. Open the trunk lid.

2. Lift up or remove the luggage compartment floor. Place it where it will not be scratched, bent, or damaged while you are working.

3. Lift up the floor covering and remove it. Keep the covering clean and dry so it can be reinstalled correctly after the wheel change.

4. Remove the vehicle tool kit with the container. Set the tool kit down in a stable place where it will not roll away or block your working area.

5. Depending on the vehicle and vehicle equipment, remove the subwoofer ⇒ Removing and installing the subwoofer. Disconnect and lift it carefully so the wiring, connector, and speaker housing are not damaged.

6. Remove the locking wedge fig. 180 1 upward. Keep the wedge nearby because it will be needed again when securing the removed wheel or spare wheel.

7. Turn the handwheel in the center of the spare wheel fig. 180 2 all the way counterclockwise. Turn it steadily and avoid forcing it if it feels jammed.

8. Remove the spare wheel or compact spare wheel. Lift it carefully out of the spare wheel well, using both hands if necessary, and avoid dragging it across trim panels or electrical wiring.

After removing the spare wheel, check it quickly before installation. Look for visible damage, very low pressure, cracks, bulges, uneven wear, or objects stuck in the tread. A spare wheel that appears damaged or unsafe should not be used unless there is no safer alternative and professional assistance is not immediately available.

Stowing the removed tire

1. If the removed wheel fits in the spare wheel well: place the removed wheel with the front of the rim facing down into the spare wheel well so that the center hole on the rim is directly above the hole or the threaded pin. Make sure the wheel sits flat and does not press against cables, trim, or the tool container.

If the removed wheel does not fit in the spare wheel well, securely stow the wheel in the luggage compartment on the luggage compartment floor. The wheel must be positioned so it cannot slide, tip over, or strike occupants or cargo during sudden braking.

2. Turn the handwheel clockwise on the threaded pin until the removed wheel is securely fastened. The wheel should not move freely inside the luggage compartment or spare wheel well.

3. Position the locking wedge fig. 180 1 in the slot on the threaded pin so that the handwheel cannot turn. This prevents the wheel from loosening while the vehicle is being driven.

4. Place the vehicle tool kit back in the container and stow it in the luggage compartment. Check that all tools, caps, adapters, and small parts are returned to their correct locations.

5. Place the carpet, if there is one, in the luggage compartment. Make sure it lies flat and does not trap loose parts underneath.

6. Reinsert the luggage compartment floor or fold it back down. Confirm that the floor is seated properly and does not rest unevenly on the stored wheel.

7. Close the trunk lid.

For the Volkswagen Taos, secure storage after a wheel change is just as important as removing the spare wheel correctly. A loose wheel, jack, wrench, or tool container can create noise while driving and may become dangerous during hard braking or a collision.

If the spare wheel is different from the regular tires

If the spare wheel is different from the regular wheels, then the spare wheel must only be used in the event of a vehicle breakdown and only for a short period of time ⇒ .

A compact spare wheel or a spare wheel with a different size, tread design, or rolling circumference can change braking behavior, steering response, traction control operation, and the way the vehicle feels in corners. Drive cautiously and replace the temporary spare with a regular approved wheel as soon as possible.

Note the driver information:

• Do not drive faster than 80 km/h (50 mph).
• Avoid hard acceleration, heavy braking, and fast cornering.
• Do not use snow chains on the compact spare wheel ⇒ Snow chains.
• After installing the spare wheel or compact spare wheel, check the tire pressure as soon as possible ⇒ Checking the tire pressure.
• Drive only as far as necessary until a regular wheel can be repaired or replaced.
• Be prepared for different handling if the spare wheel is mounted on the drive axle or if road conditions are wet, icy, or uneven.

The tire pressure of the spare wheel or compact spare wheel must be checked every time the tire pressure of the regular wheels is taken, or at least once a month. The tire pressure of the spare wheel or compact spare wheel when the tires are cold must correspond to the details on the tire inflation pressure label ⇒ Checking the tire pressure.

If the spare wheel has been stored for a long time, do not assume that it is ready for use. Tires can lose air gradually even when they are not being driven. Checking the spare wheel regularly helps ensure that it can be used safely in an emergency.

After installing a spare wheel or compact spare wheel on the Volkswagen Taos, drive carefully and avoid unnecessary high-speed travel. If the vehicle is equipped with a Tire Pressure Monitoring System, check the tire pressure and perform the required system setup after the wheel change when applicable.

WARNING

Incorrect handling of the spare wheel or compact spare wheel can result in loss of vehicle control, serious accidents, or death.

• Never use the spare wheel or compact spare wheel if it is damaged or if it is worn down to the wear indicator.
• If the spare wheel is different from the regular wheels or you are using a compact spare wheel, never drive faster than 80 km/h (50 mph).
• Some vehicles may be equipped with a compact spare wheel instead of a spare wheel. The compact spare wheel can be identified by a label stating "80 km/h" or "50 mph". This label indicates the permitted maximum speed at which the tire may be driven. Do not cover the sticker while the wheel is in use.
• Never drive more than 200 km (125 miles) with a temporary compact spare wheel fitted to the drive axle.
• Avoid hard acceleration, hard braking, and driving fast around curves. Sudden driving inputs can overload the temporary spare and make the vehicle harder to control.
• Replace the compact spare wheel as soon as possible with a regular wheel. The spare wheel is only intended for short-term use.
• Always secure the compact spare wheel with the wheel bolts supplied by the factory.
• Never drive with more than one compact spare wheel.
• Never drive with more than one spare wheel that differs from the regular tires.
• After mounting the spare wheel or compact spare wheel, check the tire pressure as soon as possible ⇒ Checking the tire pressure.
• Do not use snow chains on the compact spare wheel.
• Do not continue driving if the vehicle vibrates strongly, pulls to one side, makes unusual noises, or displays a tire or stability warning after the spare wheel has been installed.
• Have the damaged wheel repaired or replaced promptly, and return the spare wheel, compact spare wheel, tools, and securing parts to their correct storage positions after service.

Removing and Fitting Hubcaps

Please read the introductory information and heed the Warnings and Notice ⇒ Introduction.

Removing Hubcaps

Fig. 181 Remove the hubcap.

The wheel center trim protects the wheel bolts from dirt, moisture, and road debris. After a wheel change, the trim must be reattached correctly so the wheel bolts remain covered and the wheel appearance is restored.

Before removing a hubcap, make sure the vehicle is parked securely and the wheel is accessible. Work carefully around the rim surface, because using the wrong tool or pulling unevenly can scratch the finish or damage the hubcap retaining clips.

1. Take the extraction hook out of the vehicle toolkit ⇒ Vehicle tool kit components and insert it into a hole on an alloy wheel, or hook it onto the edge of the hubcap on a steel wheel fig. 181. Make sure the hook is seated securely before pulling.

2. Remove the trim in the direction of the arrow fig. 181. Pull with steady force rather than jerking the trim suddenly. If the trim feels stuck, check that the extraction hook is positioned correctly before continuing.

On the Volkswagen Taos, hubcaps and wheel trims should be handled as fitted parts, not as pry-off covers. A controlled pull helps prevent broken clips, bent edges, or marks on the wheel surface.

Fitting Hubcaps

1. Press the hubcap centrally onto the rim and press it against the rim until you feel it engage. Work around the outer edge with your hands and confirm that the hubcap sits evenly against the wheel without gaps or loose sections.

After fitting the hubcap, check it visually from several angles. It should be centered, flush with the wheel, and securely clipped all the way around. If one edge remains raised, remove the hubcap and reinstall it rather than driving with it partly engaged.

WARNING

Unsuitable wheel covers and incorrectly installed wheel covers can cause accidents and serious injuries.

Wheel covers that are not properly seated can loosen while driving, fall away from the vehicle, and endanger other road users.

• Do not use damaged hubcaps. Cracked, bent, loose, or broken retaining parts may prevent secure installation.
• Check whether the hubcap is securely engaged all the way around before driving.
• Do not drive if the hubcap rattles, moves by hand, or does not sit evenly against the rim.

WARNING

Hubcaps that are installed incorrectly can interrupt or reduce the air supply needed to cool the brakes. This also applies when wheel covers are retrofitted. If brake cooling is reduced, the braking distance can increase significantly, especially during repeated braking, downhill driving, or heavy vehicle loading.

This can cause accidents and fatal injuries.

• Check whether the hubcap is securely engaged all the way around.
• Only use wheel covers that are suitable for the vehicle and do not block the intended brake ventilation openings.

Removing and Fitting Wheel Hub Covers

Please read the introductory information and heed the Warnings and Notice ⇒ Introduction.

Removing wheel hub covers

Fig. 182 Remove the wheel hub cover.

The full wheel covers protect the wheel bolts and must be reattached after a wheel change. They also help keep the wheel area cleaner, but they must be fitted correctly so they do not loosen while driving or interfere with brake cooling.

1. Take the extraction hook out of the vehicle tool kit ⇒ Vehicle tool kit components.

2. Engage the extraction hook in one of the openings on the wheel hub cover. Confirm that the hook has a firm grip before applying force.

3. Remove the wheel hub cover with the extraction hook in the direction of the arrow. If necessary, use a lug wrench for removal fig. 182. Apply force gradually and avoid twisting the cover, because uneven pressure can damage the retaining points.

For the Volkswagen Taos, avoid using screwdrivers, sharp metal tools, or improvised levers on visible wheel trim surfaces. These can damage the cover, scratch the rim, or leave marks that are difficult to repair.

Installing the full wheel cover

1. Make sure the anti-theft wheel bolts are positioned correctly ⇒ Changing a wheel. The cover must align with the wheel hardware and sit flat against the rim.

2. Press the full wheel cover onto the rim so that the opening for the valve aligns with the tire valve. Make sure that the entire outer edge of the cover is secured. The valve must remain accessible for tire pressure checks, and the cover must not press against or bend the valve stem.

After installation, run your hand carefully around the outer edge of the cover to confirm that each retaining point is engaged. A properly installed wheel hub cover should not wobble, click loosely, or stand away from the rim.

WARNING

Unsuitable wheel covers and incorrectly assembled wheel covers can cause accidents and serious injuries.

Wheel covers that are installed incorrectly can loosen while driving and endanger other road users.

• Do not use damaged hubcaps. Replace covers with cracked plastic, broken retaining clips, distorted edges, or insecure mounting points.
• Check whether the wheel hub cover is securely engaged all the way around.
• If the cover was removed during a wheel change, check it again after the wheel bolts have been tightened and before normal driving.

WARNING

Hubcaps that are installed incorrectly can cause the air supply for cooling the brakes to be interrupted or reduced. This also applies when wheel covers are retrofitted. An insufficient air supply can cause the braking distance to increase significantly.

This can cause accidents and fatal injuries.

• Check whether the cut-out for the tire valve in the wheel hub cover is in the right position.
• Check whether the wheel hub cover is securely engaged all the way around.
• Use only wheel covers that fit the Volkswagen Taos correctly and leave the required brake ventilation areas unobstructed.

NOTICE

The wheel hub cover might be screwed on tightly and may be damaged if it is pulled off incorrectly.

• Do not use force to remove tightly screwed wheel hub covers.
• Before pulling, check whether the cover is clipped, screwed, or held by a specific retaining point. Using the wrong removal method can break the cover or damage the wheel finish.
• If the cover does not release with the proper tool and moderate force, inspect the attachment points again before continuing.

After removing or fitting hubcaps, make a final visual check before driving. The hubcap or wheel hub cover should be aligned with the valve, seated evenly, and locked around the rim. This simple check helps prevent trim loss, brake cooling issues, and unnecessary wheel damage.

Removing and Fitting the Wheel Bolt Caps

Please read the introductory information and heed the Warnings and Notice ⇒ Introduction.

Removing the Caps

Fig. 183 Remove the caps from the wheel bolts.

The caps protect the wheel bolts from dirt, moisture, road salt, and small debris. After a wheel change, they must be reinstalled completely so the bolt heads remain covered and the wheel has its intended finished appearance.

Before removing the caps, make sure the wheel area is clean enough to work safely. Avoid using sharp tools, screwdrivers, or improvised levers, because they can scratch the wheel surface, deform the cap, or damage the opening used for the extraction hook.

1. Take the extraction hook out of the vehicle tool kit ⇒ Vehicle tool kit components.

2. Insert the extraction hook into the opening in the cap. Make sure the hook is seated securely before pulling, so the cap is removed straight and not twisted.

3. Remove the cap with the extraction hook in the direction of the arrow fig. 183. Pull with controlled force and keep the removed cap in a safe place so it is not lost during the wheel change.

Putting on Caps

1. Push the cap all the way onto the wheel bolts. The cap should sit fully against the bolt head and should not wobble, tilt, or remain partly raised.

After installing the caps, check each one by hand. A loose cap can fall off while driving, and a cap that is not seated correctly may make later removal more difficult.

The anti-theft wheel bolt has a separate cap. This cap only fits on the anti-theft wheel bolt and not on conventional wheel bolts. Do not force it onto a standard wheel bolt, because the cap or wheel bolt cover may be damaged.

On the Volkswagen Taos, keeping the correct caps in their proper positions helps protect the wheel hardware and prevents confusion when the anti-theft wheel bolt adapter is needed later.

Loosening wheel bolts

Please read the introductory information and heed the Warnings and Notice ⇒ Introduction.

Fig. 184 Loosening wheel bolts.

Use a suitable lug wrench to loosen the wheel bolts. The wrench must fit fully and securely on the bolt head; an incorrectly seated wrench can slip, damage the bolt, or cause injury.

Only loosen the wheel bolts a few turns while the vehicle is still on the ground and is not raised with the vehicle jack. The tire’s contact with the ground helps prevent the wheel from turning while the bolts are loosened.

Do not fully remove the wheel bolts at this stage. The bolts must remain in place until the vehicle is raised correctly and the wheel is ready to be removed.

1. Slide the lug wrench all the way onto the wheel bolt. Push it straight onto the bolt so the tool grips the full bolt head.

2. Hold the end of the lug wrench and turn the wheel bolt about one turn counterclockwise ⇒ .

If a wheel bolt cannot be loosened by hand force alone, carefully press on the end of the lug wrench using your foot. Hold onto the vehicle firmly while doing this and make sure you have secure footing. Apply pressure slowly and do not jump on the wrench, because sudden force can make the wrench slip or destabilize your body position.

Loosening anti-theft wheel bolts

Anti-theft wheel bolts require the correct adapter from the vehicle tool kit. Before using the adapter, check that it is clean and that the contact surfaces are not damaged. A poorly seated adapter can slip and damage the anti-theft bolt profile.

1. Remove the adapter for anti-theft wheel bolts from the vehicle tool kit.

2. Slide the adapter all the way onto the anti-theft wheel bolt. It must sit flush and firmly on the bolt before torque is applied.

3. Slide the lug wrench all the way onto the adapter. Keep the wrench straight so the adapter does not twist off the anti-theft wheel bolt.

4. Hold the end of the lug wrench and turn the wheel bolt about one turn counterclockwise ⇒ .

If a wheel bolt cannot be loosened, carefully press on the end of the lug wrench using your foot. Hold onto the vehicle firmly while doing this and make sure you have secure footing. Do not use unstable body positions, extension pipes, or makeshift tools, because they can damage the bolt or cause the tool to slip.

For the Volkswagen Taos, always keep the anti-theft wheel bolt adapter with the vehicle tools after use. Without the adapter, removing the wheel later may require professional assistance.

WARNING

If the wheel bolts are removed or loosened by more than one rotation before the vehicle is jacked up, the wheel could come loose, fall off, or cause the vehicle to shift unexpectedly.

This can result in serious injuries.

• Only loosen the wheel bolts about one turn while the vehicle is not lifted with the jack.
• Never place any part of your body, such as your arm, under the vehicle while you loosen the wheel bolts.
• Do not loosen wheel bolts while the vehicle is on unstable ground or while passengers are still inside the vehicle.
• Use only the correct lug wrench and the correct anti-theft wheel bolt adapter when required.

Raising the vehicle with the vehicle jack

Please read the introductory information and heed the Warnings and Notice ⇒ Introduction.

Before raising the Volkswagen Taos with the vehicle jack, confirm that the wheel bolts have only been loosened slightly, the vehicle is parked on firm and level ground, the electronic parking brake is set, and the opposite diagonal wheel is blocked. The jack must be placed only at the approved jacking point, and the vehicle must never be raised higher than necessary for removing and installing the wheel.

Never work under a vehicle that is supported only by the vehicle jack. The jack supplied with the vehicle is intended for an emergency wheel change only, not for service work, inspection work, or supporting the vehicle for an extended period.

Lift points

Fig. 185 On the side sill: markings for the jack lift points.

The vehicle jack must only be positioned at the reinforced areas on the underbody that are located behind the markings on the vehicle body fig. 185. These reinforced lift points are designed to carry the vehicle load during an emergency wheel change. Always use the lift point nearest to the wheel you are changing ⇒ .

Do not place the jack under the floor panel, suspension arms, axle components, plastic trim, or any point that is not clearly intended for lifting. Using the wrong area can damage the underbody and may cause the Volkswagen Taos to slip from the jack while the wheel is being removed.

Positioning the vehicle jack

Fig. 186 Correct jack setup.

Fig. 187 On the left side of the vehicle at the rear: jack in position.

Checklist

For your own safety, follow the points below in the order they are given ⇒ :

1. Position the hand crank in the mount on the jack. Make sure it is seated correctly before you begin raising the jack, because a loose crank can slip and make the lifting movement uneven.

2. Find the vehicle lift point fig. 185 under the vehicle that is closest to the wheel you will be changing. Check the side sill marking first, then look underneath to identify the reinforced area where the jack must engage.

3. Crank the jack upward so that it is still positioned under the vehicle lift point. Raise it slowly at first, keeping the jack vertical and aligned with the jacking point.

4. Make sure the entire base of the jack is seated securely on the ground and that the base of the jack is located exactly directly below the lift point fig. 186 and fig. 187. If the base is off-center, tilted, or resting on loose material, lower the jack and reposition it before continuing.

5. Straighten the jack and continue cranking the claw on the top of the jack upward until the claw is positioned on the jacking point under the vehicle fig. 187. The claw must firmly grip the sill and must not press against trim, paintwork, or any unsupported edge.

6. Continue raising the vehicle jack until the wheel is lifted off the ground. Raise the Volkswagen Taos only as high as needed to remove the damaged wheel and install the spare wheel or compact spare wheel. Excessive lifting makes the vehicle less stable.

Before removing the wheel bolts completely, pause and check the jack position again. The vehicle should remain steady, the jack should stand straight, and the base should not move or sink into the ground. If anything shifts, lower the vehicle carefully and correct the setup.

WARNING

Failing to heed this checklist that is provided for your own safety can cause accidents and serious injuries.

• Always follow the tasks in the checklist.
• Observe the general safety precautions.
• Do not continue raising the vehicle if the jack is leaning, slipping, sinking into the ground, or not gripping the lift point correctly.
• Keep passengers, tools, loose cargo, and bystanders away from the working area while the vehicle is being raised.

WARNING

Using the vehicle jack incorrectly can cause the vehicle to slip from the jack, resulting in serious injuries or death.

• Never raise the vehicle if more than one wheel is damaged. The jack is intended only for changing one damaged wheel in an emergency.
• Never jack up the vehicle when the engine is running.
• Never start the engine if the vehicle is raised. Engine vibrations could cause the vehicle to fall off the jack.
• Only place the vehicle jack at the lift points described. The bracket on the vehicle jack must firmly grip the sill fig. 187.
• Only use jacks that are approved by Volkswagen for the vehicle.
• Other vehicle jacks, including those approved for other Volkswagen models, could slip or may not fit the lift points correctly.
• Only jack up the vehicle on level, firm ground. Sloped or soft ground can cause the vehicle to slip off the jack. If necessary, place a large, stable surface under the jack.
• If you are on a slippery surface such as tile, place a non-slippery object such as a rubber mat on the ground to prevent the jack from slipping.
• Never place any part of your body, such as your arm, under the vehicle when it is supported only by the jack. If you must work underneath the vehicle, additionally support the vehicle securely with suitable stands.
• Do not push, shake, lean against, or climb into the Volkswagen Taos while it is raised on the jack.
• Do not open or close doors, the hood, or the trunk lid forcefully while the vehicle is lifted, because movement of the body can reduce stability.
• Never use blocks, stones, bricks, or improvised spacers between the jack and the vehicle lift point. The jack must contact the approved jacking point directly and securely.

After the wheel change is complete, lower the vehicle carefully and remove the jack only after all wheels are safely on the ground. Store the jack, crank, tool kit, and any wheel-related parts securely in their proper locations. Loose tools can become dangerous during sudden braking, and a poorly stored jack may cause noise or damage inside the luggage compartment.

Changing a wheel

Please read the introductory information and heed the Warnings and Notice ⇒ Introduction.

Removing a wheel

Fig. 188 Removing wheel bolts with the lug wrench.

Before removing a wheel, make sure the vehicle is secured, the correct lift point is being used, and the wheel bolts have only been loosened while the tire was still on the ground. A wheel change should be performed slowly and in the correct order, because the vehicle is supported only for an emergency wheel replacement.

1. Follow the checklist ⇒ Preparing Your Vehicle. Confirm that the vehicle is parked on firm, level ground, the electronic parking brake is set, the emergency flashers are switched on, and passengers are safely away from traffic.

2. Loosen the wheel bolts ⇒ Loosening wheel bolts. The bolts should be loosened only slightly before the vehicle is raised.

3. Raise the vehicle ⇒ Raising the vehicle with the vehicle jack. Lift the Volkswagen Taos only high enough for the damaged wheel to clear the ground and for the spare wheel or compact spare wheel to be installed.

4. Remove the loosened wheel bolts completely using the lug wrench fig. 188 and place the bolts on a clean surface. Dirt, sand, road salt, or grease on the bolt threads can affect tightening and should be avoided.

5. Remove the wheel. Hold the wheel with both hands if necessary and pull it straight away from the wheel hub. If the wheel is stuck because of corrosion or dirt, do not use unsafe force while the vehicle is raised; work carefully and keep your body clear of the area under the vehicle.

After the damaged wheel is removed, inspect the wheel hub contact surface visually. Remove loose dirt only if it can be done safely without placing any part of your body under the vehicle. The replacement wheel must sit flat against the hub before the wheel bolts are tightened.

Installing a spare wheel or compact spare wheel

Fig. 189 Make sure the anti-theft wheel bolts are positioned correctly.

1. Note the running direction of the tire ⇒ Tire labeling and tire classifications. If the tire has a directional tread pattern, it must rotate in the correct direction whenever possible. If a temporary installation forces the tire to run in the opposite direction, drive cautiously and have the correct wheel fitted as soon as possible.

2. Position the wheel. Align the wheel carefully with the hub and wheel bolt holes, and keep it steady while the first bolt is started by hand.

3. Install the anti-theft wheel bolt clockwise using the adapter in the correct position and lightly tighten. Start the bolt by hand first to avoid cross-threading. The bolt should turn smoothly; if resistance appears immediately, stop and realign the wheel or bolt.

On wheels with full wheel covers, the anti-theft wheel bolt must be fitted in position fig. 189 2 or 3, based on the position of the tire valve 1. Otherwise, it will not be possible to install the full wheel cover correctly.

4. Screw in the other wheel bolts clockwise, tightening them slightly. Each bolt should be started by hand before final tightening to help ensure that the wheel is centered and seated evenly on the hub.

5. Lower the vehicle with the vehicle jack. Lower it carefully until the wheel rests on the ground and can no longer rotate freely, but do not allow the vehicle to shift or drop suddenly.

6. Tighten all wheel bolts securely clockwise using the lug wrench ⇒ . Do not tighten them in a circular order around the wheel. Instead, always switch to a wheel bolt on the opposite side so the wheel is pulled evenly against the hub.

7. Fit the caps or hubcap ⇒ Removing and Fitting Wheel Hub Covers, ⇒ Removing and Fitting Hubcaps, ⇒ Removing and Fitting the Wheel Bolt Caps. Check that each cover, cap, or trim piece is fully engaged before driving.

When a spare wheel or compact spare wheel is installed on the Volkswagen Taos, drive gently and avoid sudden steering, hard braking, and rapid acceleration. A temporary spare may change the way the vehicle handles, especially on wet, rough, or slippery roads.

After a wheel change

1. Clean the vehicle tool kit and place it back in the foam piece in the luggage compartment. Make sure the jack, crank, lug wrench, adapter, extraction hook, and any small parts are returned to their proper positions.

2. Stow the old wheel securely in the luggage compartment. If the wheel does not fit in the spare wheel well, place it flat on the luggage compartment floor and secure it so it cannot slide during sudden braking or cornering.

3. Get the tightening torque of the wheel bolts checked as soon as possible at the nearest authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.

4. Get the damaged tire replaced as soon as possible. If the spare wheel is only intended for temporary use, do not treat it as a permanent replacement.

After driving a short distance, listen for unusual noises and pay attention to vibration, pulling, warning lights, or changes in steering feel. If anything seems abnormal after the wheel change, stop safely and have the wheel installation checked before continuing normal driving.

Wheel bolt tightening specification

Tightening specification for wheel bolts in steel and aluminum alloy rims:

• 140 Nm (103 ft-lbs).

This tightening value is critical for safe wheel attachment. Too little torque can allow the wheel bolts to loosen while driving, while too much torque can stretch the bolts, damage threads, or make future removal difficult.

Wheel bolts that are corroded and difficult to turn must be replaced, and the threads in the wheel hub must be cleaned before checking the tightening torque. Damaged or dirty threads can create a false torque reading and prevent the wheel from being clamped correctly.

Never grease or oil the wheel bolts and the threads in the wheel hub. Lubrication changes the friction between the threads and can cause the bolts to be tightened incorrectly even when the indicated torque appears correct.

Check the tightening torque using a functioning torque wrench immediately after changing a wheel. If a torque wrench is not available at the roadside, tighten the bolts with the lug wrench and have the torque checked professionally without delay.

WARNING

If the wheel bolts are not tightened enough to meet the specification, the wheel bolts and the wheel itself could come loose while driving. Exceeding the tightening specification can damage the wheel bolts, wheel hub threads, or wheel mounting surfaces.

Wheel bolts that are tightened incorrectly or missing could cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle and may lead to serious accidents and fatal injuries.

• Always tighten the wheel bolts to the correct tightening torque. If you do not have a torque wrench, tighten the wheel bolts with the lug wrench and then have the tightening torque checked as soon as possible by an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility. Volkswagen recommends contacting an authorized Volkswagen dealer or authorized Volkswagen Service Facility.
• Never drive with missing or loose wheel bolts.
• Always use wheel bolts that are correct for the rim and the vehicle model.
• Never grease or oil the wheel bolts and the threads in the wheel hub. Even when tightened to the specification, lubricated bolts could become loose while driving.
• Ensure the wheel bolts and threads in the wheel hubs are clean, easy to move, and free of oil and grease.
• Never loosen the bolts on rims with a bolted rim ring.
• Do not use damaged, corroded, stretched, incorrect, or mismatched wheel bolts. Wheel bolts must match the rim design and the Volkswagen Taos wheel hub correctly.

WARNING

Incorrect wheel bolts can loosen while driving and cause loss of vehicle control, serious accidents, and fatal injuries.

• Always use wheel bolts that are correct for the rim and the vehicle model.
• Never use different wheel bolts.
• Do not mix wheel bolts from different wheel sets unless they are specifically approved for the installed rim and vehicle application.

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) indicator light may indicate a system malfunction after a wheel is changed ⇒ Troubleshooting the Tire Pressure Monitoring System.

After a wheel change, check the tire pressure as soon as possible and recalibrate or set up the Tire Pressure Monitoring System if required. The system may need to learn the new wheel and tire condition before it can monitor pressure changes correctly.

Tire characteristics

Tire labeling and tire classifications

Fig. 190 International tire labeling.

The tire sidewall contains important technical information about the tire size, construction, load capacity, speed capability, production data, and approved use. These markings help identify whether a tire is suitable for the vehicle, whether it matches the required specifications, and whether it should be mounted in a particular direction or position.

The labeling is located on both sides of the tire. In some cases, certain codes may appear on only one side of the tire, such as the tire identification number, production date, or manufacturer-specific approval markings. When checking a tire, inspect both sidewalls if the full code is not visible from the outside.

Other digits or letter combinations may also be present. These can belong to the tire manufacturer's internal labeling system, production control marks, regional approval marks, or country-specific tire classification requirements. Not every marking is used by the driver during normal maintenance, but the main size, load index, speed rating, rotation direction, and production date should always be understood before replacing tires.

For the Volkswagen Taos, tire markings should be compared with the specifications shown on the tire inflation pressure label, the vehicle documentation, and the approved wheel and tire combination. Installing tires with the wrong size, load rating, or speed rating can affect handling, braking, ride comfort, Tire Pressure Monitoring System operation, and overall driving safety.

Low-profile tires

Compared with conventional tire and rim combinations, low-profile tires usually have a wider tread surface, a larger rim diameter, and shorter sidewalls. This design can improve steering response, cornering precision, and road feel because the tire sidewall flexes less during fast steering inputs.

However, low-profile tires may reduce ride comfort on roads in poor condition. Because the sidewall is shorter, the tire has less cushioning when driving over potholes, sharp road edges, rough pavement, or debris. This can increase the risk of rim damage, sidewall damage, or impact-related tire problems if the vehicle is driven carelessly over rough surfaces.

If your Volkswagen Taos is equipped with low-profile tires, check tire pressure regularly and inspect the sidewalls more carefully after hitting a pothole or curb. Even if the tire does not look flat, internal damage may still be present.

Unidirectional tires

Unidirectional tires are designed to rotate in one specific direction. The sidewalls on these tires are marked with arrows or direction indicators. The specified running direction must be followed so the tread pattern can disperse water correctly, maintain grip, reduce road noise, and deliver the performance intended by the tire manufacturer.

If a unidirectional tire is mounted opposite from the specified running direction, drive more carefully because the tire is not being used as designed. Wet-road performance, traction, braking behavior, and resistance to hydroplaning may be reduced. The tire must be replaced or mounted in the correct running direction as soon as possible.

When a temporary wheel change is necessary at the roadside, the immediate priority is safe mobility. Afterward, have the tire direction checked and corrected if the tire was mounted against its marked rotation direction.

Asymmetrical tires

Asymmetrical tires use different tread zones on the inner and outer areas of the tire. The outer shoulder is often designed for cornering stability, while the inner section may be optimized for water displacement, traction, or ride comfort. Because the tread pattern is not the same across the full width of the tire, correct mounting is essential.

The sidewalls on asymmetrical tires are marked as the inner and outer side. The marking indicating the outside must face outward when the tire is installed on the rim. Maintaining the correct position of the tire on the rim helps preserve the intended handling, braking, and wet-road performance.

If an asymmetrical tire is mounted incorrectly, the tire may still hold air and appear normal, but its performance can be reduced. For this reason, always check the sidewall markings after tire replacement, tire repair, or wheel service.

Tire load

The tire load index indicates the maximum permitted load for one tire in kilograms. This number is not the tire pressure and not the tire size; it is a coded value that corresponds to how much weight the tire can safely support when used correctly.

Never install a tire with a lower load index than required for the vehicle. A tire with insufficient load capacity can overheat, wear prematurely, deform under load, and fail while driving. When selecting replacement tires for the Volkswagen Taos, the load index must be suitable for the vehicle model, wheel size, and expected load conditions.

Some examples:

78 425 kg (936 lbs)

81 462 kg (1018 lbs)

83 487 kg (1073 lbs)

85 515 kg (1135 lbs)

87 545 kg (1201 lbs)

88 560 kg (1234 lbs)

91 615 kg (1355 lbs)

92 630 kg (1388 lbs)

93 650 kg (1433 lbs)

95 690 kg (1521 lbs)

97 730 kg (1609 lbs)

99 775 kg (1708 lbs)

100 800 kg (1763 lbs)

101 825 kg (1818 lbs)

102 850 kg (1873 lbs)

103 875 kg (1929 lbs)

104 900 kg (1984 lbs)

A higher load index does not allow the vehicle to be overloaded beyond its permitted gross vehicle weight rating. The vehicle load limit, axle load limits, tire pressure, and tire condition must all be observed together.

Speed rating

The speed rating indicates the maximum speed for which the tire is rated under specified conditions. This rating is shown as a letter on the tire sidewall and must match the vehicle requirements and the way the vehicle is used.

A tire with the wrong speed rating may not provide the required durability, heat resistance, or handling characteristics at higher speeds. Always use tires with an approved speed rating for the vehicle and observe any special restrictions for winter tires, temporary spare wheels, or country-specific regulations.

P max. 150 km/h (93 mph)

Q max. 160 km/h (99 mph)

R max. 170 km/h (106 mph)

S max. 180 km/h (112 mph)

T max. 190 km/h (118 mph)

U max. 200 km/h (125 mph)

H max. 210 km/h (130 mph)

V max. 240 km/h (149 mph)

W max. 270 km/h (168 mph)

Y max. 300 km/h (186 mph)

Z above 240 km/h (149 mph), depending on manufacturer also ZR.

The listed speed rating applies only when the tire is in good condition, properly inflated, correctly loaded, and used within its approved limits. Damage, aging, incorrect pressure, overloading, or repairs can reduce the safe operating capability of the tire.

When replacing tires on the Volkswagen Taos, all tires on the same axle should have matching size, construction, load index, and speed rating unless the vehicle manufacturer specifies otherwise. Mixing different tire characteristics can affect stability, braking, steering response, and the accuracy of tire pressure monitoring.

3) The TIN is the tire serial number. It can help identify the tire manufacturer, plant, tire size, and production period. The production date is important because tires age even when they are not used, and old tires may have reduced grip, cracking, or internal weakening even if the tread depth still appears acceptable.

UTQG tire classification

Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG) provides standardized tire quality information that may be shown on the tire sidewall where applicable. These grades are usually located between the tread shoulder and the maximum section width of the tire. They help the driver compare certain tire characteristics, but they should not be used as the only factor when selecting replacement tires for the Volkswagen Taos.

Example UTQG information may include:

• Treadwear (number)
• Traction AA, A, B or C
• Temperature A, B or C

For example: Treadwear 200, Traction AA, Temperature A.

These markings can help explain how a tire performed in standardized testing, but they do not guarantee the exact same performance in everyday driving. Road surface, tire pressure, vehicle load, wheel alignment, driving style, temperature, and maintenance habits can all change how a tire wears and performs on the road.

All passenger car tires must conform to Federal Safety Requirements in addition to these grades. The UTQG system is therefore an additional comparison tool, not a replacement for using tires that match the correct size, load index, speed rating, and manufacturer-approved specifications.

Treadwear

The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified government test course. It is intended to compare one tire with another under the same test method, not to predict an exact mileage figure for every driver.

For example, a tire graded 150, or Treadwear value 150, would wear one-and-one-half (1 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100.

However, the real service life of a tire can differ significantly from the test result. Aggressive acceleration, frequent hard braking, fast cornering, poor wheel alignment, incorrect tire pressure, rough pavement, and climate conditions can all shorten tread life. A careful driver on smooth roads may see very different wear compared with a vehicle that is often driven heavily loaded or on broken pavement.

For the Volkswagen Taos, tire wear should be checked regularly across the full width of the tread. Uneven wear on the inside or outside edge may indicate incorrect pressure, alignment concerns, suspension wear, or driving conditions that require inspection.

Traction

The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C. These grades represent the tire's ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance compared with tires carrying higher traction grades.

Traction grading is useful, but it is limited. It focuses on straight-line wet braking under controlled test conditions and does not describe every situation a driver may encounter. It does not fully represent dry grip, cornering grip, braking on snow or ice, tire behavior in deep water, or the way the tire feels during sudden steering inputs.

WARNING

The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on straight-ahead braking traction tests, and does not include acceleration, cornering, hydroplaning, or peak traction characteristics.

Even with a high traction grade, the driver must adjust speed and driving style to the road, weather, traffic, and tire condition. Worn tires, low tread depth, incorrect pressure, or standing water can reduce grip and increase the risk of losing control.

Temperature

The temperature grades are A, the highest, B, and C. These grades represent the tire's resistance to heat generation and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel.

Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degrade and reduce tire life. Excessive temperature can also weaken the tire structure and may lead to sudden tire failure, especially if the tire is underinflated, overloaded, damaged, or driven at high speed for a long period.

The grade C corresponds to a level of performance that all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.

Temperature resistance is especially important when the vehicle is driven at highway speeds, in hot weather, with heavy cargo, or with tires that are not inflated correctly. For this reason, the tire pressure on the Volkswagen Taos should be checked when the tires are cold and adjusted according to the tire inflation pressure label.

WARNING

The temperature grade for this tire is established for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underinflation, or excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire failure.

Never use the temperature grade as permission to overload the vehicle, ignore low tire pressure, or drive faster than the permitted tire speed rating. The tire must still match the vehicle requirements and must be kept in good condition.

Tire load and vehicle load, determining the correct load

Vehicles and tires have a limited load capacity. An overloaded vehicle can be more difficult to steer, less stable in emergency maneuvers, and less effective when braking. Extra weight also increases stress on the tires, suspension, brakes, and wheel components.

Overloading your vehicle can cause damage to the vehicle and tires, including tire overheating, sidewall damage, tire blowouts, and sudden pressure loss. These failures may happen without much warning and can lead to loss of vehicle control.

Before loading the Volkswagen Taos, check the vehicle load information, tire inflation pressure label, and any applicable cargo limits. Passenger weight, luggage, accessories, roof load, and any other added equipment must be considered together. The tires must have the correct load index, and the vehicle must not be loaded beyond its permitted limits.

Correct loading is not only about staying below a maximum number. Heavy items should be placed securely and as low as practical in the luggage compartment. Loose cargo can shift during braking or cornering, and uneven loading can affect tire wear, steering response, and stability.

When replacement tires are installed, they must meet the required load capacity for the vehicle. A tire with a lower load index than specified may not be able to safely carry the weight placed on it, even if the tire size appears similar. For safe operation, always use tires that match the approved specifications for the vehicle model and driving conditions.

To help protect your safety and the safety of your passengers, never exceed the maximum permitted vehicle weight. This limit is specified as the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, or GVWR, and it represents the maximum total weight the vehicle is allowed to carry when it is ready for the road.

The GVWR includes the weight of the Volkswagen Taos itself, all factory-installed and additional equipment, a full fuel tank, operating fluids, passengers, cargo, luggage, and any other load carried in or on the vehicle. The maximum load also includes the number of people who can travel in the vehicle, based on the seating capacity and an average weight of 150 lbs (68 kg) per person. In trailer mode, the trailer load transferred to the vehicle, including the trailer tongue weight rating, must also be included in the calculation.

The Gross Axle Weight Rating, or GAWR, is the maximum permitted load on each axle. The GVWR and GAWR are listed on the safety certification label on the B-pillar on the driver's side. These values must not be exceeded, even if the cargo appears to fit inside the vehicle or the vehicle still feels driveable.

Your vehicle has either 4 seats (2 front, 2 rear), 5 seats (2 front, 3 rear), 6 seats (2 front, 2 center, 2 rear), or 7 seats (2 front, 3 center, 2 rear), depending on the vehicle type and configuration. Each seat has a safety belt. Because there is an upper limit to the GVWR, the maximum load also has an upper limit. Traveling with a full passenger compartment, or with passengers who weigh more than 150 lbs (68 kg) on average, reduces the remaining weight that can be used for luggage, accessories, or other cargo.

The tire inflation pressure label for your vehicle also specifies the maximum combined weight of occupants and cargo. This label should be checked before carrying heavy loads, driving with a full cabin, loading the luggage compartment, or towing where permitted.

For the Volkswagen Taos, correct loading is important not only for legal weight limits but also for steering response, braking distance, tire temperature, suspension movement, and overall stability. Too much weight, or weight placed unevenly, can make the vehicle harder to control and can increase wear on tires, brakes, and chassis components.

Determining the correct load

The following steps will help you determine the correct load, meaning the total allowable weight of people and other items carried in the vehicle.

Steps:

1. Look for the "THE COMBINED WEIGHT OF OCCUPANTS AND CARGO SHOULD NEVER EXCEED XXX KG OR XXX LBS" message on the tire inflation pressure label.

2. Determine the total weight of all people intending to travel in the vehicle, including the driver and all passengers. Use the actual weight whenever possible instead of estimating too low.

3. Subtract the total weight of all people in the vehicle from the specified weight shown on the label (XXX KG or XXX LBS).

4. The result of this calculation is the maximum remaining possible load for luggage, cargo, equipment, and other items carried in the vehicle.

For example: If "XXX" = 1400 lbs and five people each weighing 150 lbs are in the vehicle, the remaining possible load is 650 lbs (1400 - 750 (5 x 150) = 650 lbs.).

5. Determine the weight of any luggage, tools, sports equipment, child seats, accessories, or other cargo you intend to transport in the vehicle. This weight must not exceed the result of the calculation in step 4.

6. If your vehicle is pulling a trailer, the load from your trailer is transferred to your vehicle. Refer to this manual for information about how this reduces the available cargo and luggage capacity of your vehicle. Trailer tongue weight must be counted as part of the vehicle load.

Check the sidewall of the tire to determine the load index specified for the tire. The tires installed on the vehicle must have a load index suitable for the vehicle model and the way the vehicle is used. Never assume that a tire with the same size automatically has the correct load capacity.

When loading the Volkswagen Taos, place heavier items as low as possible and secure them so they cannot slide during braking, cornering, or sudden maneuvers. Loose cargo can shift the vehicle's balance, damage interior trim, or become dangerous in a collision.

If the vehicle is loaded close to its maximum permitted weight, drive more carefully. Allow more space for braking, avoid abrupt steering, and check that tire pressures match the values required for the current load. Heavy loading can increase tire heat, reduce comfort, and make the vehicle react more slowly to driver inputs.

WARNING

Exceeding the maximum vehicle weight can cause you to lose control of the vehicle and cause accidents resulting in severe and/or fatal injuries.

• Never exceed the maximum load or the maximum vehicle weight as specified by the GVWR.
• Never exceed the Gross Axle Weight Rating for either axle. Uneven loading can overload one axle even when the total vehicle weight appears to be within the GVWR.
• Always include passengers, luggage, cargo, accessories, roof load, trailer tongue weight, and any added equipment when calculating the total load.
• Secure all cargo before driving. Heavy or loose items can move suddenly and affect vehicle control.
• Use only tires with the correct load index and keep them inflated to the specified pressure for the load being carried.

Safe loading is part of normal vehicle maintenance. Before long trips, family travel, towing, or carrying heavy cargo, check the load information carefully and distribute weight evenly. Keeping the Volkswagen Taos within its approved limits helps preserve braking performance, tire life, suspension durability, and predictable handling.

Glossary of tire and load terminology

Accessory weight: The combined weight, above the standard items that may be replaced, of equipment such as automatic transmission, electro-mechanical power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, radio, and heater, to the extent that these items are available as factory-installed equipment, whether they are installed on the specific vehicle or not. This weight is part of the total load calculation and can affect how much passenger and cargo weight may still be carried safely.

Aspect ratio: The ratio of tire sidewall height to tire width, expressed as a percentage. A number of 50, also written as 0.5:1 or 50%, means that the cross-sectional height of the tire is 50% of the tread width. A shorter sidewall can improve steering response and handling precision, especially on dry pavement, but it may also reduce ride comfort and increase the risk of wheel or tire damage on rough roads.

Bead: The part of a tire made of steel wires, wrapped or reinforced by ply cords, with the shape and strength needed to seat the tire securely on the wheel rim. The bead creates the contact area that helps keep the tire correctly positioned on the rim when the tire is inflated and loaded.

Bead separation: A breakdown of the bond between components in the bead area. This type of damage can prevent the tire from seating correctly on the rim and may lead to pressure loss or tire failure.

Carcass: The structural body of the tire, excluding the tread and sidewall rubber. When the tire is inflated, the carcass carries the load and helps maintain the tire shape while driving.

Chunking: The breaking away of pieces of the tread or sidewall. Chunking may be caused by impact, rough road surfaces, tire aging, overheating, or incorrect tire use, and it should be inspected before the tire is driven further.

Cord: The strands of material that form the plies in the tire. Cords give the tire strength and help the tire keep its shape under pressure, load, and road forces.

Cord separation: The parting of tire cords from adjacent rubber compounds. This can weaken the tire structure and may lead to bulges, vibration, pressure loss, or sudden tire failure.

Cracking: Any parting within the tread, sidewall, or inner liner of the tire that extends to the cord material. Cracking may be related to age, weather exposure, underinflation, impact damage, or chemical deterioration. Tires with deep cracks should be checked by a qualified professional.

Cold tire inflation pressure: The tire pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer for a tire of a specified size when the tire has not been driven more than a couple of miles or kilometers at low speed during the 3-hour period before the pressure is measured or adjusted. Cold pressure is important because tire pressure rises as the tire warms during driving.

Curb weight: The weight of a motor vehicle with standard equipment, including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, coolant, air conditioner, and the additional weight of optional equipment. Curb weight does not include passengers or cargo.

Extra load tire: A tire designed to operate at higher loads and higher inflation pressures than the corresponding standard tire. Extra load tires must still be used within the limits specified by the tire manufacturer and the vehicle manufacturer.

Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR): The load-carrying capacity of a single axle system, measured where the tires contact the ground. The GAWR must not be exceeded on either axle, even if the total vehicle weight remains below the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating.

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR): The maximum loaded weight of the vehicle. This includes the vehicle itself, passengers, cargo, luggage, equipment, fluids, and any additional load carried by the vehicle.

Groove: The space between two adjacent tread ribs. Grooves help channel water away from the contact patch and contribute to wet-road traction, braking, and resistance to hydroplaning.

Load rating code: The maximum load that a tire is rated to carry at a given inflation pressure. This information may not appear on every tire because it is not required by law in all cases. When replacing tires on the Volkswagen Taos, the load rating must match the required vehicle specification.

Maximum loaded vehicle weight: The total of:

• Curb weight.
• Accessory weight.
• Vehicle capacity weight.
• Production options weight.

Maximum (permissible) inflation pressure: The maximum cold inflation pressure to which a tire may be inflated. This is also called "maximum inflation pressure." It is not the same as the recommended tire pressure for the vehicle. The correct pressure for normal use must be taken from the vehicle tire inflation pressure label.

Normal occupant weight: Means 150 lbs (68 kilograms) multiplied by the number of occupants seated in the vehicle up to the total seating capacity of your vehicle. This value is used in load calculations, but actual passenger weight may reduce or increase the remaining cargo capacity.

Occupant distribution: The placement of passengers in a vehicle. Passenger position can affect axle load, handling balance, and how much load is carried by each tire.

Outer diameter: The diameter of a new, properly inflated tire. Tire outer diameter can affect speedometer accuracy, ground clearance, wheel-speed readings, and tire pressure monitoring behavior.

Overall width: The total width measured at the exterior sidewalls of an inflated tire, including additional width from labeling, decorations, protective bands, or ribs. This measurement is wider than the basic section width in some tire designs.

Passenger car tire: A tire intended for use on passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, and trucks that have a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of 10,000 pounds or less.

Ply: A layer of rubber-coated parallel cords. Plies form part of the tire structure and influence strength, flexibility, durability, and load-carrying capability.

Ply separation: A parting of rubber compound between adjacent plies. This is a serious structural defect and may appear as a bulge, vibration, or irregular tire shape.

Pneumatic tire: A mechanical device made of rubber, chemicals, fabric, steel, or other materials that, when mounted on an automotive wheel, provides traction and contains the gas or fluid that supports the load. Most passenger vehicle tires are pneumatic tires filled with air.

Production options weight: The combined weight of installed regular production options weighing more than 5 lbs (2.3 kg) over the standard items they replace, and not previously considered as curb weight or accessory weight. These may include heavy-duty brakes, ride levelers, roof rack, heavy-duty battery, special trim, or similar factory equipment.

Radial ply tires: A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid substantially at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Radial construction is common in modern passenger tires and helps balance comfort, durability, rolling resistance, and road contact.

Recommended inflation pressure: The tire pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer for a tire of a specified size when the tire has not been driven more than a couple of miles or kilometers at low speeds during the 3-hour period before the tire pressure is measured or adjusted. For the Volkswagen Taos, the recommended pressure should be taken from the tire inflation pressure label, not from the maximum pressure molded on the tire sidewall.

Reinforced tire: A tire designed to operate at higher loads and higher inflation pressures than the corresponding standard tire. A reinforced tire may also be marked as XL or extra load, depending on tire manufacturer labeling.

Rim: The outer edge of a wheel upon which the tire beads are seated. The rim must match the tire size and construction so the tire can seal, support load, and remain secure during driving.

Rim diameter: The nominal diameter of the wheel's tire bead seating surface. If you change your wheel size to wheels with a different diameter, you must purchase tires that match the new wheels and meet the approved vehicle specifications.

Rim size: A designation that includes rim diameter and width. Both values must be compatible with the tire being installed.

Rim type designation: The industry or manufacturer's designation for a rim by style or code. This designation helps identify the wheel design and compatibility.

Rim width: The nominal distance between the wheel rim flanges. Rim width affects tire fit, sidewall shape, handling response, and the way the tire sits on the wheel.

Section width: The linear distance between the exterior sidewalls of an inflated tire, excluding raised areas caused by labeling, decoration, or protective bands. Section width is one of the main dimensions used when identifying tire size.

Sidewall: The portion of a tire between the bead and the tread. The sidewall contains important markings and also helps absorb road impacts while supporting the tire structure.

Sidewall separation: The parting of the rubber compound from the cord material in the sidewall. This can weaken the tire and may lead to bulging, air loss, or sudden failure.

Speed rating (letter code): A standardized letter code indicating the maximum speed at which a tire is designed to be driven for extended periods of time under specified conditions. The ratings range from 93 mph (150 km/h) "P" to 186 mph (300 km/h) "Y". The speed rating letter code, where applicable, is molded on the tire sidewall. This information may not appear on all tires because it is not required by law in every case. The tire speed rating must match the approved requirements for the vehicle and the way it is used.

Tire Pressure Monitoring System: A system that detects when at least one of a vehicle's tires is underinflated and illuminates a low tire-pressure warning light. The system supports the driver, but it does not replace regular tire pressure checks with an accurate gauge.

Tread: The portion of a tire that normally touches the road. The tread pattern affects grip, braking, water evacuation, road noise, and tire wear.

Tread rib: A tread section running circumferentially around a tire. Tread ribs help provide road contact and directional stability.

Tread separation: Tire failure caused by the tread pulling away from the tire carcass. This is a serious condition and can lead to vibration, loss of control, or tire failure while driving.

Tread wear indicators (TWI): Raised areas within the main tread grooves that show visually when tires are worn and near the end of their useful life. When the tread reaches these indicators, the tire must be replaced because wet-road grip and braking performance are reduced.

Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG): A tire information system developed by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) that is designed to help buyers compare tires. UTQG is not a safety rating and does not guarantee that a tire will last for a certain number of miles or perform in a specific way in all real-world conditions. It gives tire buyers more information to compare together with price, brand preference, dealer recommendations, driving style, and the approved requirements for the Volkswagen Taos. Under UTQG, tires are graded by tire manufacturers in three areas: tread wear, traction, and temperature resistance. UTQG information is molded into the tire sidewalls.

U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN): A tire's serial number. It begins with the letters "DOT" for Department of Transportation and indicates that the tire meets all federal standards. The next two numbers or letters indicate the plant where the tire was manufactured. The last four numbers represent the week and year of manufacture. For example, the numbers 1709 mean that the tire was produced in the 17th week of 2009. Any other numbers are marketing codes used by the tire manufacturer. This information is used to help identify affected consumers if a tire defect requires a recall.

Vehicle capacity weight: The total rated cargo, luggage, and passenger load. Passenger load is 150 lbs (68 kilograms) multiplied by the vehicle's total seating capacity, as listed on the label inside the driver door. This value helps determine how much weight can be safely carried in addition to the vehicle itself.

Vehicle maximum load on the tire: The load on an individual tire that is determined by taking each axle's share of the maximum loaded vehicle weight (GAWR) and dividing by 2. This helps show how much load each tire must be able to support when the vehicle is fully loaded.

Vehicle normal load on the tire: The load on an individual tire that is determined by taking each axle's share of the curb weight, accessory weight, and normal occupant weight, distributed according to the table below, and dividing by 2.

Wheel size designation: Wheel rim diameter and width. This designation is used together with tire size to confirm whether a tire and wheel combination is suitable.

Correct understanding of these terms is useful when replacing tires, checking load limits, reading sidewall markings, or comparing tire specifications. A tire may appear to fit the rim, but it must also match the required load index, speed rating, construction, and approved size for safe operation. For the Volkswagen Taos, using the correct tire and wheel information helps maintain predictable handling, braking performance, tire life, and proper operation of driver assistance systems related to wheel speed.

Occupant loading and distribution for vehicle normal load for various designated seating capacities: